Antimicrobial Properties of Strontium Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Oral Applications, A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol Development
2.2. Search Strategy for Identification of Studies
2.3. Study Selection Criteria
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Risk of Bias and Relevance Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Surface Substrates and Application Methods
3.3. Bacterial Strains and Methods of Antimicrobial Analysis
3.4. Antimicrobial Effect of Sr
3.5. Sr Ion Release
3.6. Risk of Bias and Relevance Assessment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author/Year | Type of Investigation | Substrate | Material | Tested Ions | Method of Application |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
He, et al. 2016 [26] | In vitro | Ti wafers | cp Ti | Sr/Ag | Magnetron sputtering and micro-arc oxidation |
Geng, et al. 2016 [41] | In vitro | Ti plates | Grade 5 Ti alloy | Sr/Ag/HA coating | Hydrothermal method |
Geng, et al. 2017 [42] | In vitro | Ti discs | cp Ti | Sr/Ag/HA coating | Hydrothermal method |
Fielding, et al. 2012 [43] | In vitro | Ti substrate | Grade 2 cp Ti | Sr/Ag in HA coating | Plasma spray |
Masamoto, et al. 2021 [45] | In vitro * | Ti disks | cp Ti | CaSr/CaSrAg | Alkali-and-heat treatment |
Okuzu, et al. 2021 [46] | In vitro | Ti disks | cp Ti | CaSr/CaSrAg | Alkali-and-heat treatment |
Zhao, et al. 2019 [40] | In vitro | Ti specimens | cp Ti | MT-Zn/Sr | Micro-arc oxidation |
O’Sullivan, et al. 2010 [44] | In vitro | Ti coupons | Grade 5 Ti alloy | HA- Sr/Ag/Zn | CoBlast technology |
Zhou, et al. 2016 [39] | In vitro | Ti disks | cp Ti | Sr, Ca, Co, P, F | Micro-arc oxidation |
Author | Active Agent | Bacteria Tested | Method of Analysis/Time of Experiment | Intergroup Comparison * | Antimicrobial Significance of Sr-Related Samples Compared with Non-Functionalized Controls ** | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
He, et al. [26] | Ti/Sr/Ag | S. aureus E. coli | Plate counting method (6 h) | Ti = Sr < Sr/Ag 0.40 ≈ Sr/Ag 0.83 | Sr: no antimicrobial effect observed | |
Immersion and culturing (1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) | Sr < Sr/Ag 0.40 < Sr/Ag 0.83 | Sr: no antimicrobial effect observed | ||||
Bacteria viability assay (24 h) (S. aureus only) | Ti = Sr < Sr/Ag 0.40 ≈ Sr/Ag 0.83 | Sr: no antimicrobial effect observed | ||||
Geng, et al. [41] | Sr/Ag/HA | S. aureus E. coli | Agar diffusion test (24 h) | HA = Sr < Ag0.3 < 10Sr Ag0.3 = Ag0.1 = Ag0.5 | Sr: no zone of inhibition observed | |
Geng, et al. [42] | Sr/Ag/HA | S. aureus E. coli | Plate counting method (24 h) Agar diffusion test (24 h) | Ti = HA = 10 Sr * < Sr/Ag = Ag0.1 Ti = HA = 10 Sr * < Sr/Ag = Ag 0.1 | 10Sr: no antimicrobial effect observed 10Sr: no zone of inhibition observed | |
Fielding, et al. [43] | Sr/Ag/HA | P. aeruginosa | Bacterial viability assay (24 h) | HA = Sr-HA < Sr/Ag-HA = Ag-HA | Sr-HA: limited antimicrobial effect | |
Masamoto, et al. [45] | CaSr/CaSrAg | S. aureus | Colony forming unit assay (24 h) | Ti < CaSr < CaSrAg | CaSr: limited antimicrobial effect | |
Okuzu, et al. [46] | CaSr/CaSrAg | S. aureus E. coli | Colony forming unit assay (24 h) | S. aureus | Attached: Ti < CaSr < CaSrAg Planktonic: Ti < CaSr < CaSrAg | CaSr: limited antimicrobial effect CaSr: limited antimicrobial effect |
E. coli | Attached: Ti = CaSr < CaSrAg Planktonic: CaSr < Ti < CaSrAg | CaSr: no antimicrobial effect observed CaSr: no antimicrobial effect observed | ||||
Bacterial viability assay (24 h) | S. aureus E. coli | Ti ≈ CaSr < CaSrAg Ti ≈ CaSr < CaSrAg | CaSr: no antimicrobial effect observed CaSr: no antimicrobial effect observed | |||
Zhao, et al. [40] | MT-Zn/Sr | S. aureus | Plate counting method (24 h) | Ti < MT < MT-Sr < MT-Zn/Sr < MT-Zn | MT-Sr: antimicrobial rate ca. 55% | |
O’Sullivan, et al. [44] | HA-Sr/Ag/Zn | S. aureus | Modified ASTM, immediately or after 30 days of incubation for ion release. | Immediately After 30 days | Zn-HA < Sr-HA ≈ AgA Zn-HA < Ag-HA < Sr-HA | Sr-HA: antimicrobial rate = 49% Sr-HA: antimicrobial rate ca. 49% |
Anticolonization activity (1, 7, and 14 days) | Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 | Zn-HA ≈ Sr-HA ≈ Ag-HA Zn-HA ≈ Sr-HA < Ag-HA Zn-HA ≈ Sr-HA < Ag-HA | Sr-HA: biofilm inhibition ca. 40% Sr-HA: biofilm inhibition ca. 40% Sr-HA: biofilm inhibition ca.10% | |||
Zhou, et al. [39] | Sr, Ca, Co, P, F | S. aureus E. coli | Plate counting method (24 h) | Ti = TiCaP = Sr-TiCaP < SrCo-TiCaP < SrCoF-TiCaP | Sr-TiCaP: no antimicrobial effect observed SrCo-TiCaP: antimicrobial rate ca. 40%, (p < 0.01) |
Study | Two Antimicrobial Tests | Different Time Points for Assessment | Multi-Species Consortia | Risk of Bias * | – | Gram+ & Gram− Bacteria | Bacteria Common in Peri-Implantitis | Testing Against Biofilm | Relevance Assessment * | – | Overall Assessment ** |
He, et al. [26] | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Geng, et al. [41] | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | |||||
Geng, et al. [42] | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | |||||
Fielding, et al. [43] | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |||||
Masamoto, et al. [45] | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | |||||
Okuzu, et al. [46] | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Zhao, et al. [40] | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | |||||
O’Sullivan, et al. [44] | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Zhou, et al. [39] | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ |
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Alshammari, H.; Bakitian, F.; Neilands, J.; Andersen, O.Z.; Stavropoulos, A. Antimicrobial Properties of Strontium Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Oral Applications, A Systematic Review. Coatings 2021, 11, 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070810
Alshammari H, Bakitian F, Neilands J, Andersen OZ, Stavropoulos A. Antimicrobial Properties of Strontium Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Oral Applications, A Systematic Review. Coatings. 2021; 11(7):810. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070810
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlshammari, Hatem, Fahad Bakitian, Jessica Neilands, Ole Zoffmann Andersen, and Andreas Stavropoulos. 2021. "Antimicrobial Properties of Strontium Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Oral Applications, A Systematic Review" Coatings 11, no. 7: 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070810