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Review

Eco-Sustainable Approaches to Prevent and/or Eradicate Fungal Biodeterioration on Easel Painting

by
Agustí Sala-Luis
,
Haizea Oliveira-Urquiri
,
Pilar Bosch-Roig
* and
Susana Martín-Rey
Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2024, 14(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010124
Submission received: 22 December 2023 / Revised: 11 January 2024 / Accepted: 13 January 2024 / Published: 17 January 2024

Abstract

Eliminating and controlling fungal biodeterioration is one of the most important challenges of easel painting conservation. Historically, the pathologies produced by biodeterioration agents had been treated with non-specific products or with biocides specially designed for conservation but risky for human health or the environment due to their toxicity. In recent years, the number of research that studied more respectful solutions for the disinfection of paintings has increased, contributing to society’s efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here, an overview of the biodeterioration issues of the easel paintings is presented, critically analyzing chemical and eco-sustainable approaches to prevent or eradicate biodeterioration. Concretely, Essential Oils and light radiations are studied in comparison with the most used chemical biocides in the field, including acids, alcohols, and quaternary ammonium salts. This review describes those strategies’ biocidal mechanisms, efficiency, and reported applications in vitro assays on plates, mockups, and real scale. Benefits and drawbacks are evaluated, including workability, easel painting material alterations, health risks, and environmental sustainability. This review shows innovative and eco-friendly methods from an easel painting conservation perspective, detecting its challenges and opportunities to develop biocontrol strategies to substitute traditional chemical products.
Keywords: biodeterioration; fungi; prevention; biocidal methods; easel paintings; essential oils; light radiations biodeterioration; fungi; prevention; biocidal methods; easel paintings; essential oils; light radiations

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sala-Luis, A.; Oliveira-Urquiri, H.; Bosch-Roig, P.; Martín-Rey, S. Eco-Sustainable Approaches to Prevent and/or Eradicate Fungal Biodeterioration on Easel Painting. Coatings 2024, 14, 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010124

AMA Style

Sala-Luis A, Oliveira-Urquiri H, Bosch-Roig P, Martín-Rey S. Eco-Sustainable Approaches to Prevent and/or Eradicate Fungal Biodeterioration on Easel Painting. Coatings. 2024; 14(1):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010124

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sala-Luis, Agustí, Haizea Oliveira-Urquiri, Pilar Bosch-Roig, and Susana Martín-Rey. 2024. "Eco-Sustainable Approaches to Prevent and/or Eradicate Fungal Biodeterioration on Easel Painting" Coatings 14, no. 1: 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010124

APA Style

Sala-Luis, A., Oliveira-Urquiri, H., Bosch-Roig, P., & Martín-Rey, S. (2024). Eco-Sustainable Approaches to Prevent and/or Eradicate Fungal Biodeterioration on Easel Painting. Coatings, 14(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010124

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