Using the Single-Constant Kubelka–Munk Model for Surface Color Prediction of Pre-Colored Fiber Blends
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Light Scattering in the Medium of Pre-Colored Fiber Blending
2.2. Improved Single-Constant KM Model Based on Light Scattering Correction
3. Experimental
3.1. Sample Preparation
3.2. Sample Measurement
3.3. Determination of the Coefficients k1 and k2
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample No. | Recipe (%) | Sample No. | Recipe (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | ||||
1 | 80 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | ||
2 | 60 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 33.3 | 0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | ||
3 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 33.3 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 33.3 | ||
4 | 40 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | ||
5 | 20 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 33.3 | ||
6 | 80 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | ||
7 | 60 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | ||
8 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | ||
9 | 40 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 0 | 0 | ||
10 | 20 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 20 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0 | ||
11 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 35 | 40 | 40 | 20 | 0 | 0 | ||
12 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 36 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 40 | ||
13 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 37 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 40 | ||
14 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 38 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 20 | ||
15 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 39 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 55 | 0 | ||
16 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 40 | 0 | 20 | 30 | 20 | 30 | ||
17 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 50 | 25 | 15 | 10 | ||
18 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 55 | ||
19 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 43 | 0 | 30 | 20 | 30 | 20 | ||
20 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 44 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |||
21 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 45 | 10 | 30 | 40 | 0 | 20 | ||
22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 46 | 20 | 0 | 35 | 35 | 10 | ||
23 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 20 | 30 | 0 | 40 | 10 | ||
24 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 35 | 30 | 20 | 15 |
Primary | #2 Green | #3 Blue | #4 Red | #5 Yellow | All |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
k1 | 0.9450 | 0.9513 | 0.9499 | 0.9282 | 0.9477 |
k2 | 0.0550 | 0.0487 | 0.0501 | 0.0718 | 0.0523 |
Models | Original KM Model | Our Proposed Model | Two-Constant KM Model | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metrics | ||||
ΔE2000 | Avg. | 6.37 | 1.20 | 1.58 |
Max. | 13.00 | 2.47 | 3.57 | |
Min. | 1.47 | 0.25 | 0.51 | |
Std. | 2.32 | 0.54 | 0.67 | |
ΔEcmc | Avg. | 6.53 | 1.35 | 1.80 |
Max. | 15.75 | 2.58 | 3.81 | |
Min. | 2.03 | 0.28 | 0.58 | |
Std. | 2.97 | 0.62 | 0.83 | |
RMSE (%) | Avg. | 3.0912 | 0.5704 | 0.8541 |
Max. | 5.0598 | 2.0588 | 1.3589 | |
Min. | 0.9702 | 0.2304 | 0.3581 | |
Std. | 1.1001 | 0.3643 | 0.2582 | |
GFC | Avg. | 0.9852 | 0.9995 | 0.9978 |
Max. | 0.9991 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | |
Min. | 0.9637 | 0.9983 | 0.9843 | |
Std. | 0.0098 | 0.0004 | 0.0033 |
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Wei, C.-A.; Li, M.; Liu, S.; Xie, D.; Li, J. Using the Single-Constant Kubelka–Munk Model for Surface Color Prediction of Pre-Colored Fiber Blends. Coatings 2024, 14, 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14080948
Wei C-A, Li M, Liu S, Xie D, Li J. Using the Single-Constant Kubelka–Munk Model for Surface Color Prediction of Pre-Colored Fiber Blends. Coatings. 2024; 14(8):948. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14080948
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Chun-Ao, Miaoxin Li, Shiwei Liu, Dehong Xie, and Junfeng Li. 2024. "Using the Single-Constant Kubelka–Munk Model for Surface Color Prediction of Pre-Colored Fiber Blends" Coatings 14, no. 8: 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14080948