Enhancing Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyurethane Composites Using N-β-(Aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl Trimethoxysilane and Carbon Black Co-Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate Coated with Carbon Black (CBAPP)
2.3. Preparation of Polyurethane Composites
2.4. Testing and Characterization
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of CBAPP Structure and Properties
3.1.1. Raman Analysis
3.1.2. XPS Analysis
3.1.3. SEM
3.1.4. Thermal Stability of APP and CBAPP
3.1.5. Contact-Angle Measurements
3.2. Performance Analysis of CBAPP/PU Composites
3.2.1. Mechanical Properties and Water Resistance Test
3.2.2. Thermal Stability of PU, APP/PU, and CBAPP/PU
3.2.3. Flame Retardancy
3.2.4. Mechanism of Action of CBAPP/PU Composites
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | PU | APP | 3% CBAPP | 6% CBAPP | 9% CBAPP | 12% CBAPP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PU | 100 | |||||
PU1 | 80 | 20 | ||||
PU2 | 80 | 20 | ||||
PU3 | 80 | 20 | ||||
PU4 | 80 | 20 | ||||
PU5 | 80 | 20 |
Samples | T-5%/°C | Tmax1/°C | Tmax2/°C | Residual Amount at 800 °C/wt% |
---|---|---|---|---|
PU | 390.9 | 423.6 | 459.1 | 44.2 |
APP/PU | 344.3 | 353.0 | 432.1 | 58.1 |
12% CBAPP/PU | 350.4 | 355.2 | 429.9 | 60.7 |
Samples | T-5%/°C | Tmax1/°C | Tmax2/°C | Tmax3/°C | Residual Amount at 800 °C/wt% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
APP | 334.1 | 342.9 | 611.3 | 748.1 | 15.4 |
12% CBAPP | 329.0 | 332.7 | 619.1 | — | 38.3 |
Samples | APP/wt% | CBAPP/wt% | PU/wt% | LOI/vol% | UL-94 (Grade) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PU | 0 | 0 | 100 | 23.5 | NR |
APP/PU | 20 | 0 | 80 | 34.4 | V-0 |
CBAPP/PU | 0 | 20 | 80 | 41.5 | V-0 |
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Fu, L.; Hao, W.; Xu, B.; Zhang, K.; Bi, J.; Wu, J.; Wang, Z. Enhancing Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyurethane Composites Using N-β-(Aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl Trimethoxysilane and Carbon Black Co-Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate. Coatings 2024, 14, 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091126
Fu L, Hao W, Xu B, Zhang K, Bi J, Wu J, Wang Z. Enhancing Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyurethane Composites Using N-β-(Aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl Trimethoxysilane and Carbon Black Co-Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate. Coatings. 2024; 14(9):1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091126
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Lisha, Wanjun Hao, Baoluo Xu, Kexi Zhang, Jianhua Bi, Jingxing Wu, and Zhong Wang. 2024. "Enhancing Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyurethane Composites Using N-β-(Aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl Trimethoxysilane and Carbon Black Co-Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate" Coatings 14, no. 9: 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091126