ULPING-Based Titanium Oxide as a New Cathode Material for Zn-Ion Batteries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methodology
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation Using ULPING
2.3. Electrochemical Characterizations
2.4. Material Characterization Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Zinc
3.1.1. Results from Material Characterization
3.1.2. Thermal Modeling and Theoretical Results
3.1.3. Electrochemical Tests
3.2. Titanium
3.2.1. Results from Material Characterization
3.2.2. MATLAB Results
3.2.3. Electrochemical Tests (Three-Electrode)
3.2.4. Electrochemical Tests (Two-Electrode)
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conditions | Conventional Methods | ULPING |
---|---|---|
Complexity of experimental setup | Complicated/many steps | Single, one step in ambient condition |
Technological route | Mostly separate products from substrate | Add modification directly on substrate material |
Electrode pattern? | No | Yes |
Target material | All materials | All solid materials and polymers, particularly transition metals |
Collection after procedure | Post-processing, binding | N/A |
Environmentally friendly? | No | Yes |
Experimental cost | High | Low |
Time to conduct experiments | Slow and time-consuming | Quick |
Sample | Scan Speed (mm/s) | Frequency (kHz) | Power (W) | Pulse Width (ps) | Number of Times Laser Test Was Repeated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zn-1 (Bare Zn) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Zn-2 (Zn-10W) | 100 | 1200 | 10 | 150 | 1 |
Zn-3 (Zn-5W) | 100 | 1200 | 5 | 150 | 1 |
Ti-4 (Ti-5W) | 50 | 1200 | 5 | 150 | 1 |
Ti-5 (Ti-5W 2×) | 50 | 1200 | 5 | 150 | 2 |
Ti-6 (Ti-10W) | 50 | 1200 | 10 | 150 | 1 |
Ti-7 (Bare Ti) | 50 | 1200 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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Shiam, S.S.; Rath, J.; Gutiérrez Vera, E.; Kiani, A. ULPING-Based Titanium Oxide as a New Cathode Material for Zn-Ion Batteries. Coatings 2024, 14, 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091163
Shiam SS, Rath J, Gutiérrez Vera E, Kiani A. ULPING-Based Titanium Oxide as a New Cathode Material for Zn-Ion Batteries. Coatings. 2024; 14(9):1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091163
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiam, Suben Sri, Jyotisman Rath, Eduardo Gutiérrez Vera, and Amirkianoosh Kiani. 2024. "ULPING-Based Titanium Oxide as a New Cathode Material for Zn-Ion Batteries" Coatings 14, no. 9: 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091163