Electroplated Coatings for Magnetically Operated Contacts (Reed Switches) †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Physical and Chemical Properties | Ru | Rh |
---|---|---|
Mass density (g.cm–3) | 12.2 | 12.4 |
Electrical conductivity at 0 °C (×106 S.m–1) | 13.3 | 19.6 |
Thermal conductivity at RT (W.m–1K–1) | 109 | 87.8 |
Oxidation states | 3, 4, 2, 6, 8 | 3, 2, 4 |
Pauling electronegativity | 2.2 | 2.8 |
2.1. Ruthenium Plating
2.2. Gold Underlayer Electrodeposition
2.3. Electrodeposition of Metal Alloys Coatings
- Pyrophosphate ammoniac electrolyte for copper-nickel coatings (g.l–1): copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (in terms of metal) of 1.5–2.5, nickel (II) sulfate heptahydrate(in terms of metal) of 8–12, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (general) of 180–220, potassium sodium tartrate of 20–30; рН is 8.5–9.5. The deposition is carried out with the cathode current density of (1 – 2) × 10–2 А.cm–2 at 55–65 °C.
- Tartrate ammoniac electrolyte for cobalt-tungsten coatings (g.l–1): sodium tungstate dihydrate (in terms of metal) of 10–15, cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (in terms of metal) of 12–15, diazanium sulfate of 45–55, potassium sodium tartrate of 200-250; рН is 9–11. The deposition is carried out with the cathode current density of (1 – 3) × 10–2 А.cm-2 at 50–70 °C.
- Ammoniac citrate electrolyte for nickel-molybdenum coatings (g.l–1): sodium molybdate (in terms of metal) of 3.0–4.5, nickel (II) sulfate (in terms of metal) of 4.5–5.5, nickel (II) chloride (in terms of metal) of 4.0–6.0, tripotassium citrate monohydrate of 55–100, azane of 60–80 (ml.l–1); рН is 9.5–11.5. The deposition is carried out with the cathode current density of (2.5 – 5) × 10–2 А.cm–2 at 30–45 °C.
3. Conclusions
- the range of switching loads;
- erosion resistance of reed switches;
- production prices of reed switches.
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Shishkina, L.; Lokshtanova, O.; Karabanov, S. Electroplated Coatings for Magnetically Operated Contacts (Reed Switches) . Coatings 2012, 2, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings2010001
Shishkina L, Lokshtanova O, Karabanov S. Electroplated Coatings for Magnetically Operated Contacts (Reed Switches) . Coatings. 2012; 2(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings2010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleShishkina, Lyudmila, Olga Lokshtanova, and Sergey Karabanov. 2012. "Electroplated Coatings for Magnetically Operated Contacts (Reed Switches) " Coatings 2, no. 1: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings2010001