Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis Infection in Children Attending Daycare Centers in Medellín, Colombia
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Sociodemographic Variables
2.3. Parasitological Diagnosis
2.4. Molecular Detection of Blastocystis
2.5. Subtype Identification and Phylogenetic Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Infection with Intestinal Parasites
3.3. Coinfection by Microscopy
3.4. Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis
3.5. Association between Sociodemographic Variables and Intestinal Parasites
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intestinal Protozoa | Diagnostic Method | ||
---|---|---|---|
Direct | Concentration | Prevalence | |
Protozoa | |||
Blastocystis | 14.7% (39/265) | 11.7% (31/265) | 15.8% (42/265) |
Giardia intestinalis | 12.5% (33/265) | 15.1% (40/265) | 15.5% (41/265) |
Endolimax nana | 10.6% (28/265) | 9.15% (24/265) | 15.1% (40/265) |
Entamoeba coli | 4.2% (11/265) | 5.7% (15/265) | 6% (16/265) |
Entamoeba complex | 1.1% (3/265) | 0.8% (2/265) | 1.1% (3/265) |
Iodamoeba butschlii | 0.8% (2/265) | 0.8% (2/265) | |
Chilomastix mesnili | 0.8% (2/265) | 1.1% (3/265) | 1.1% (3/265) |
Helminths | |||
Ascaris lumbricoides | 0.8% (2/265) | 0.8% (2/265) | 0.8% (2/265) |
Variable | Category | Intestinal Parasites | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Total | OR (CI 95%) | p-Value | ||
Sex | Male | 42 (31.6%) | 91 | 133 | 0.6 (0.391–1.069) | 0.088 |
Female | 55 (41.6%) | 77 | 132 | |||
Age | >30 months | 88 (58.6%) | 62 | 150 | 0.5 (0.346–0.970) | 0.042 |
<30 months | 53 (46.1%) | 62 | 115 | |||
Nationality | Venezuelan | 13 (52%) | 12 | 25 | 2.0 (0.926–4.732) | 0.108 |
Colombian | 79 (35.6%) | 143 | 222 | |||
Type of population | Rural | 33 (51.6%) | 31 | 64 | 2.2 (1.285–4.042) | 0.004 |
Urban | 64 (31.8%) | 137 | 201 | |||
Children’s center | 2 * | 33 (52.3%) | 30 | 63 | 3.9 (2.267–6.711) | 0.000 |
1, 3, 4, 5 ** | 64 (31.6%) | 138 | 202 | |||
Health affiliation scheme | Subsidized | 61 (48%) | 66 | 127 | 2.6 (1.551–4.539) | 0.000 |
Contributory | 31 (25.8%) | 89 | 120 | |||
Stratum | 1-2 | 73 (38.2%) | 118 | 191 | 1.2 (0.645–2.252) | 0.559 |
3-4-5 | 19 (33.9%) | 39 | 56 | |||
Floor material | Land | 2 (50%) | 2 | 4 | 0.5 (0.81–4.24) | 0.595 |
Cement tile | 90 (37%) | 153 | 243 | |||
Water quality | Treated | 64 (33.2%) | 129 | 193 | 0.4 (0.20–0.850) | 0.012 |
Untreated | 28 (51.9%) | 26 | 54 | |||
Pets | Yes | 31 (37.8%) | 51 | 82 | 1.0 (0.600–1.79) | 0.898 |
No | 61 (37%) | 104 | 165 |
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Osorio-Pulgarin, M.I.; Higuera, A.; Beltran-Álzate, J.C.; Sánchez-Jiménez, M.; Ramírez, J.D. Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis Infection in Children Attending Daycare Centers in Medellín, Colombia. Biology 2021, 10, 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070669
Osorio-Pulgarin MI, Higuera A, Beltran-Álzate JC, Sánchez-Jiménez M, Ramírez JD. Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis Infection in Children Attending Daycare Centers in Medellín, Colombia. Biology. 2021; 10(7):669. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070669
Chicago/Turabian StyleOsorio-Pulgarin, Maria I., Adriana Higuera, Juan C. Beltran-Álzate, Miryan Sánchez-Jiménez, and Juan David Ramírez. 2021. "Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis Infection in Children Attending Daycare Centers in Medellín, Colombia" Biology 10, no. 7: 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070669