Cell-Free Extracts of the Ginseng Soil Bacterium Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Promote Suppression of Resistance of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to Root Rot Caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biological Materials
2.2. Bacterial Isolation from Soil and Identification of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
2.3. Genome Sequencing and Assembly of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
2.4. Phylogeny of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
2.5. Selected Gene Predictions from the Genomes of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
2.6. Ginseng Root Extract
2.7. Bacterial Growth and Ginsenoside Transformation
2.8. Detached Root Assay
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Identification and Phylogenetic Relationships of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Isolates
3.2. Genomic Analysis of P. plecoglossicida Isolates
3.3. Pseudomonas Plecoglossicida Growth with Ginseng Root Extract
3.4. Changes in Ginsenosides during P. plecoglossicida Growth with Ginseng Root Extract
3.5. Effect of Ginseng Root Extract Incubated with P. plecoglossicida on Root Rot Disease
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organism | Isolate | Assembly Accession | Location | Source | Source Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. plecoglossicida | NZBD9 | GCA_002814195.1 | Ningde/China | fish | Larimichthys crocea |
P. plecoglossicida | XSDHY-P | GCA_003391255.1 | Ningbo/China | fish | Larimichthys polyactis |
P. plecoglossicida | NB2011 | GCA_000412715.1 | East coast/China | fish | Larimichthys polyactis |
P. plecoglossicida | NBRC10316 | GCA_000730665.1 | Tokushima Pref./Japan | fish | Plecoglossus altivelis |
P. plecoglossicida | NyZ12 | GCA_000831585.1 | Wuhan/China | soil | Cyclohexylamine-degrading bacterium |
P. plecoglossicida | KCJK7865 | GCA_003062165.1 | Florida/USA | soil | Not determined |
P. plecoglossicida | ZKA3 | GCA_003633555.1 | Zakynthos/Greece | soil | Biomass-degrading bacterium |
P. plecoglossicida | TND35 | GCA_000764405.1 | Tamil Nadu/India | soil | Nicotine-degrading bacterium |
P. plecoglossicida | MR69 | GCA_002864775.1 | Ibadan/Nigeria | soil | Polluted wetlands |
P. plecoglossicida | MR135 | GCA_002864795.1 | Ibadan/Nigeria | soil | Polluted wetlands |
P. plecoglossicida | MR170 | GCA_002864845.1 | Ibadan/Nigeria | soil | Polluted wetlands |
P. plecoglossicida | MR83 | GCA_002864865.1 | Ibadan/Nigeria | soil | Polluted wetlands |
P. plecoglossicida | MR134 | GCA_002864885.1 | Ibadan/Nigeria | soil | Polluted wetlands |
P. plecoglossicida | MR70 | GCA_002864905.1 | Ibadan/Nigeria | soil | Polluted wetlands |
P. plecoglossicida | 17-08R | PRJNA1153425 | Simcoe/Canada | soil | 3-year post-harvest ginseng soil |
P. entomophila | L48 | GCA_000026105.1 | Western Guadeloupe | fruit fly | Drosophila melanogaster |
Isolate | Soil Year after Harvest | Colony Size a | Colony Color b | Lesion Size (cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-06R | 3 | very small | creamy to colorless | 0.15 E |
17-07R | 3 | small | creamy | 0.19 CDE |
17-08R | 3 | small | creamy to yellow | 0.27 A |
17-09R | 3 | small | orange | 0.16 CDE |
17-10R | 25 | large | light brown to gray | 0.21 BCD |
17-11R | 25 | very large | whitish | 0.22 ABC |
17-12R | 5 | large | creamy | 0.19 CDE |
17-13R | 1 | small | white | 0.18 CDE |
17-14R | 0.08 | very small | white | 0.16 DE |
17-15R | 0.08 | large | white | 0.16 E |
17-16R | 1 | large | creamy | 0.25 AB |
17-17R | 10 | large | white–creamy centre | 0.19 CDE |
17-18R | 10 | large | orange | 0.19 CDE |
Control | - | - | - | 0.18 CDE |
Media | P. plecoglossicida 17-08R | Lesion Size (cm2) |
---|---|---|
LL broth | − | 0.16 B |
LLG broth | − | 0.18 B |
LL broth | + | 0.17 B |
LLG broth | + | 0.23 A |
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Goodwin, P.H.; Hsiang, T. Cell-Free Extracts of the Ginseng Soil Bacterium Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Promote Suppression of Resistance of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to Root Rot Caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. Biology 2024, 13, 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090671
Goodwin PH, Hsiang T. Cell-Free Extracts of the Ginseng Soil Bacterium Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Promote Suppression of Resistance of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to Root Rot Caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. Biology. 2024; 13(9):671. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090671
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoodwin, Paul H., and Tom Hsiang. 2024. "Cell-Free Extracts of the Ginseng Soil Bacterium Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Promote Suppression of Resistance of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to Root Rot Caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis" Biology 13, no. 9: 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090671