Coupling between Population and Construction Land Changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) Region: Residential and Employment Perspectives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data
2.2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Subsystem Coupling Analysis Based on County Spatial Units
3.1.1. Subsystem Data Presentation Based on County Units
3.1.2. Analysis of Coupling between Subsystems
3.2. Changes in the Mean Center Positions Based on the Land Use Grids
3.2.1. Mean Center Change Characteristics of the Entire BTH Region
3.2.2. Mean Center Change Characteristics of the 13 Cities
3.3. Regression Analysis Based on Homogeneous Grids
3.3.1. Regression Analysis
3.3.2. Residual Analysis Based on the Method of Ordinary Least Squares
4. Discussion
4.1. The Coordination with Construction Land Varies, with Residential and Employment Populations Exhibiting a Trade-Off Relationship
4.2. The Key Measures to Improve the Coordination between Construction Land and Population Distribution
4.3. The Applicability of the Analysis Methods Used in This Study to Urban Planning and Decision-Making
5. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Area | CR | CE | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
Total | 0.939 [0.748, 1.000] | 0.952 [0.622, 1.000] | 0.960 [0.601, 1.000] | 0.953 [0.808, 1.000] | 0.962 [0.649, 1.000] | 0.959 [0.663, 1.000] |
Beijing | 0.911 [0.814, 1.000] | 0.923 [0.747, 0.996] | 0.949 [0.754, 1.000] | 0.918 [0.839, 1.000] | 0.933 [0.780, 0.992] | 0.948 [0.754, 1.000] |
Tianjin | 0.901 [0.748, 0.990] | 0.892 [0.730, 0.989] | 0.884 [0.601, 1.000] | 0.918 [0.808, 0.983] | 0.920 [0.838, 0.976] | 0.918 [0.771, 0.995] |
Shijiazhuang | 0.945 [0.806, 0.994] | 0.972 [0.923, 1.000] | 0.966 [0.836, 1.000] | 0.955 [0.820, 0.999] | 0.982 [0.932, 1.000] | 0.966 [0.855, 0.999] |
Tangshan | 0.941 [0.897, 1.000] | 0.921 [0.622, 0.978] | 0.944 [0.761, 0.999] | 0.955 [0.916, 1.000] | 0.926 [0.649, 0.995] | 0.949 [0.752, 1.000] |
Qinhuangdao | 0.964 [0.933, 1.000] | 0.965 [0.947, 0.999] | 0.982 [0.960, 0.999] | 0.976 [0.934, 1.000] | 0.965 [0.917, 0.989] | 0.977 [0.925, 0.999] |
Handan | 0.968 [0.918, 1.000] | 0.979 [0.900, 1.000] | 0.991 [0.934, 1.000] | 0.981 [0.934, 1.000] | 0.987 [0.944, 0.999] | 0.992 [0.961, 1.000] |
Xingtai | 0.955 [0.844, 0.998] | 0.972 [0.872, 0.997] | 0.984 [0.910, 1.000] | 0.971 [0.880, 0.999] | 0.985 [0.898, 0.999] | 0.979 [0.903, 1.000] |
Baoding | 0.940 [0.898, 0.997] | 0.966 [0.912, 1.000] | 0.982 [0.918, 1.000] | 0.955 [0.906, 1.000] | 0.974 [0.877, 1.000] | 0.981 [0.875, 1.000] |
Zhangjiakou | 0.927 [0.820, 1.000] | 0.923 [0.849, 0.997] | 0.913 [0.700, 1.000] | 0.946 [0.871, 0.999] | 0.921 [0.846, 1.000] | 0.880 [0.696, 0.991] |
Chengde | 0.966 [0.933, 1.000] | 0.975 [0.956, 1.000] | 0.979 [0.927, 0.999] | 0.971 [0.943, 0.997] | 0.964 [0.913, 1.000] | 0.966 [0.926, 0.999] |
Cangzhou | 0.951 [0.891, 0.991] | 0.975 [0.917, 1.000] | 0.958 [0.713, 1.000] | 0.967 [0.890, 0.988] | 0.985 [0.917, 0.999] | 0.955 [0.663, 1.000] |
Langfang | 0.929 [0.872, 0.962] | 0.957 [0.895, 0.983] | 0.991 [0.964, 1.000] | 0.939 [0.889, 0.975] | 0.968 [0.922, 0.993] | 0.990 [0.946, 0.999] |
Hengshui | 0.925 [0.893, 0.952] | 0.953 [0.928, 0.983] | 0.968 [0.934, 0.995] | 0.955 [0.924, 0.978] | 0.977 [0.965, 0.993] | 0.972 [0.923, 0.994] |
Area | Distance between Mean Center of Construction Land and the Residential Population (m) | Distance between Mean Center of Construction Land and the Employment Population (m) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
Beijing | 3036 | 3056 | 2569 | 2717 | 2037 | 2163 |
Tianjin | 7153 | 6024 | 5910 | 4528 | 3210 | 4406 |
Shijiazhuang | 276 | 518 | 1584 | 419 | 1341 | 409 |
Tangshan | 967 | 6134 | 8033 | 1471 | 5225 | 6865 |
Qinhuangdao | 4685 | 3397 | 6430 | 2576 | 818 | 3809 |
Handan | 2395 | 1365 | 772 | 1786 | 3028 | 1470 |
Xingtai | 1446 | 2275 | 1730 | 3290 | 5106 | 1515 |
Baoding | 2210 | 1978 | 2461 | 2142 | 2671 | 3395 |
Zhangjiakou | 11,986 | 9818 | 12147 | 9210 | 7772 | 15,282 |
Chengde | 4867 | 4814 | 3078 | 1627 | 1475 | 3994 |
Cangzhou | 2788 | 3499 | 9045 | 3632 | 4421 | 9124 |
Langfang | 2532 | 848 | 2733 | 2264 | 2041 | 2437 |
Hengshui | 1485 | 1432 | 2709 | 963 | 883 | 2442 |
Average | 3525 | 3474 | 4554 | 2817 | 3079 | 4409 |
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Chen, C. Coupling between Population and Construction Land Changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) Region: Residential and Employment Perspectives. Systems 2024, 12, 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080308
Chen C. Coupling between Population and Construction Land Changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) Region: Residential and Employment Perspectives. Systems. 2024; 12(8):308. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080308
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Chen. 2024. "Coupling between Population and Construction Land Changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) Region: Residential and Employment Perspectives" Systems 12, no. 8: 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080308