Journal Description
Systems
Systems
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on systems theory in practice, including fields such as systems engineering management, systems based project planning in urban settings, health systems, environmental management and complex social systems, published monthly online by MDPI. The International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS) is affiliated with Systems and its members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SSCI (Web of Science), dblp, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary) / CiteScore - Q2 (Modeling and Simulation)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 16.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.3 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.5 (2023)
Latest Articles
Research on the Impacts of Global Entrepreneurial Environment Changes on Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship
Systems 2024, 12(7), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070234 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
►
Show Figures
The elementary components of the global business environment and market are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which play an important role in the economy through the implementation of their business activities. Naturally, they are threatened by the effects of global crises, which appeared
[...] Read more.
The elementary components of the global business environment and market are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which play an important role in the economy through the implementation of their business activities. Naturally, they are threatened by the effects of global crises, which appeared to a considerable extent during the COVID-19 pandemic, with ongoing effects on the business sector until the present. This article aims to verify the effectiveness of systems of crisis management, risk management, and business continuity management (CM, RM, and BCM) in increasing the resilience and sustainability of SMEs during a specific global crisis. The authors provide statistical verification of hypotheses using data from the results of a nationwide questionnaire conducted on small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on the results, the effectiveness and positive effect of the CM, RM, and BCM systems in reducing the effects of specific crises on small and medium-sized enterprises have been demonstrated. Companies with a higher level of implementation of the systems generally showed a better handling of the crisis period, while the negative effects of the crisis on their business activities were significantly reduced. These conclusions bring knowledge that complements and supports the previous claims of other authors in the field of crisis management. Due to the lack of empirical research in this area, the results offer an important basis for further investigation of the effective use of CM, RM, and BCM in the context of economic security. Regarding the increasing level of globalization, it can be assumed that similar crises affecting supply chains and the world economy can be expected in the future. Considering the high variability and associated instability of the global business environment, the authors suggest focusing future research on new types of risks and threats primarily associated with technological progress and the shaping of the future character of society.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
An SD-LV Calculation Model for the Scale of the Urban Rail Transit Network
by
Songsong Li, Qinghuai Liang, Kuo Han and Kebing Wen
Systems 2024, 12(7), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070233 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
The planning for the scale of the urban rail transit network (URTN) is one of the key tasks of URTN planning. The scale should match the urban development (UD). A reasonable scale can improve travel efficiency, increase economic activities, and promote UD, while
[...] Read more.
The planning for the scale of the urban rail transit network (URTN) is one of the key tasks of URTN planning. The scale should match the urban development (UD). A reasonable scale can improve travel efficiency, increase economic activities, and promote UD, while an unreasonable scale may consume more urban resources, fail to meet urban transportation demands, and even inhibit UD. Currently, the URTN scale is primarily determined by qualitative analyses and static indicators, which leads to the scale does not match UD perfectly. To determine a reasonable scale, a System Dynamics–Lotka–Volterra (SD-LV) model is constructed. The SD model is adopted to simulate the dynamic interaction between the URT and UD. The LV (Lotka–Volterra) model is employed to calculate the scale, in which the mutualism coefficients are proposed to characterize the mutualistic relationships between the URT and UD. The model is validated by using a dataset of the Beijing URTN from 2017 to 2021. The simulation errors of the URTN scale range from −4.3% to 1.32%, which demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed model. The study offers quantitative theoretical insights for determining the reasonable scale of the URTN.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Path of Green Innovation and High-Quality Development of Influential Regional Enterprises Based on the Analysis of the Dynamic QCA Method and MATLAB Sustainability Prediction
by
Qijia Liu and Yeong-Gil Kim
Systems 2024, 12(7), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070232 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
This study examines the multifactor linkage effects behind the differences in the sustainable development of green innovation of local enterprises in the spatio-temporal dimension so as to provide an important reference for the practice of sustainable development of green innovation of local enterprises.
[...] Read more.
This study examines the multifactor linkage effects behind the differences in the sustainable development of green innovation of local enterprises in the spatio-temporal dimension so as to provide an important reference for the practice of sustainable development of green innovation of local enterprises. An analytical framework for the sustainable development of green innovation of local enterprises is established, and the dynamic QCA method is applied to analyse the provincial-level panel data of China from 2012 to 2021 to explore the linkage effect of each factor on the time axis, and to explore the differences of multifactors on the time axis. The study found that different factors may have different influence effects in different contexts. Firstly, while market demand is an important influencing factor, its role relative to economic drivers and social environment factors may be relatively limited in some contexts. Second, high levels of foreign investment and demand for innovation in the service sector have a significant impact on green innovation in local firms. At the same time, with the growing consumer preference for green products, green preferences in market demand have also begun to become an important factor influencing firms’ green innovation. Meanwhile, in the spatial dimension, the provincial coverage has obvious regional differences. This requires local governments to fully consider the actual situation of the region when formulating relevant policies, and promote green innovation according to local conditions. This experiment is the first attempt to use the joint application of dynamic QCA and MATLAB for the study of green innovation in local enterprises, exploring the consistency in the longitudinal time dimension.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Analysis of Enterprise Sustainability)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00232/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00232-g001-550.jpg?1719479313)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
An Organizational System Approach to Internal Retaliation Behavior within Chinese SMEs: The Serial Multiple Mediation Model and Moderating Role of Workplace Incivility
by
Jiaxing Du, Chenglin Qing and Sangwoo Hahm
Systems 2024, 12(7), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070231 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
With the global economic downturn, the impact on internal systems of Chinese SMEs has also received great attention. However, the provocative and destructive nature of retaliation behavior by SME employees shifts resources meant for organizational system development towards addressing internal balance issues. Employees’
[...] Read more.
With the global economic downturn, the impact on internal systems of Chinese SMEs has also received great attention. However, the provocative and destructive nature of retaliation behavior by SME employees shifts resources meant for organizational system development towards addressing internal balance issues. Employees’ retaliation behavior poses significant harm to organizations systems, limiting their long-term sustainability and competitiveness in the long run. This study argues for a close relationship between employee behavior and leadership management style, particularly in the context of inadequate management systems in SMEs, which can easily subject employees to direct influence from their leaders. For example, abusive supervision or oppressive practices at the management level can trigger resistance and rebellious behavior among employees, leading them to choose retaliatory actions as a response to the organizational system. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between abusive supervision and retaliation behavior within the system. We aim to clarify the pathway through which abusive supervision triggers retaliation behavior among employees within the system and examine the serial multiple mediating effects of psychological distress and negative emotions as well as the moderating effect of workplace incivility. To validate the hypotheses proposed in this study, a survey was conducted among employees of Chinese SMEs. The data provided by 303 employees were analyzed using SPSS ver. 26.0, AMOS ver. 23.0, and SPSS PROCESS Macro 3.4.1 Model 6. The findings indicate that abusive supervision has an indirect effect on employee retaliation behavior through the serial multiple mediating effects of psychological distress and negative emotions. Workplace incivility moderated the influence of negative emotions on retaliation. This study explored the process by which abusive management triggers retaliative behavior through a serial multiple mediation model, providing theoretical evidence for related research. This study explicitly reveals the process leading to retaliation behavior within the system and presents the differences from previous research. Additionally, this study demonstrates the interactive effect between abusive supervision and incivility through the moderating role of incivility in determining the level of retaliation behavior. Ultimately, this study has pioneering significance in exploring the causes of retaliation behavior within the Chinese SME organizational system and how to prevent the occurrence of retaliation behavior.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Analysis of Enterprise Sustainability)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00231/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00231-g001-550.jpg?1719471508)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Effect of a High-Performance Work System on Organizational Innovation Performance: The Mediating Effect of Employees’ Intrinsic Motivation and the Moderating Effect of Person–Organization Fit
by
Yu Wang, Lingfeng Zhu and Xiu Jin
Systems 2024, 12(7), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070230 - 26 Jun 2024
Abstract
The organizational system is directly associated with overall organizational management and sustainability. The reason is that the organizational system has a strong relationship with organizational performance. One of the most important functions of the organizational system is the high-performance work system, which is
[...] Read more.
The organizational system is directly associated with overall organizational management and sustainability. The reason is that the organizational system has a strong relationship with organizational performance. One of the most important functions of the organizational system is the high-performance work system, which is the system that manages the employees so that they can maximize their functions, this study focuses on the importance of a high-performance work system in order to achieve organizational goals and increase performance. In particular, a high-performance work system is directly related to innovation performance that secures the competitive advantage of organizations. Based on such background, this study focused on how a high-performance system improves innovation performance. Unlike previous studies, rather than simply focusing on variables exploration or main effect verification, we provided and verified the research model related to the process by which innovation performance occurs. Specifically, this study aimed to investigate whether high-performance work systems in organizations enhance employees’ innovation performance and examined the mediating role of employees’ intrinsic motivation in enhancing innovation performance. In addition, we investigated the moderating role of employee person–organization fit in high-performance work systems and employee intrinsic ation directly. To validate this model, we collected data from 309 members of Chinese SMEs. We found that high-performance work systems positively affect employees’ innovation performance through a person–organization fit and that employees’ person–organization fit significantly moderates the relationship between high-performance work systems and employees’ intrinsic motivation directly. Overall, this study expands the scope of research on the enhancement of employee innovation performance and provides a theoretical basis for related research, which is also a contribution of this study.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Analysis of Enterprise Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
Research on Decision Optimization of Supply Chain Quality Information Disclosure Considering Stigma Level
by
Di Wu, Jingru Li, Siyi Li and Linli Zhu
Systems 2024, 12(7), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070229 - 26 Jun 2024
Abstract
With the frequent occurrence of online public opinion events, the problem of product stigma is becoming increasingly serious. Enterprises must use effective quality information disclosure strategies to reduce losses affecting market sales and profit. Therefore, this paper aims to address the supply chain
[...] Read more.
With the frequent occurrence of online public opinion events, the problem of product stigma is becoming increasingly serious. Enterprises must use effective quality information disclosure strategies to reduce losses affecting market sales and profit. Therefore, this paper aims to address the supply chain structure composed of one product manufacturer and one component manufacturer under the influence of stigma. It constructs a decision optimization model under three scenarios: no information disclosure, the product manufacturer disclosures information, and the component manufacturer disclosures information, and uses Stackelberg game theory to solve and analyze the model. Furthermore, we use numerical examples to verify the model results, and provide management suggestions for enterprises. The research results show that enterprises suffering from product stigma should actively implement information disclosure strategies to reduce their profit losses, and the lower the stigma level, the better the effect of information disclosure will be; when the stigma level becomes more serious, enterprises should take timely steps to reduce the sales price of products, the sales price of components, and the efforts to disclose information; for industries that value confidentiality of product information, although the implementation of information disclosure by the component manufacturer can require less effort for information disclosure, the two enterprises will suffer higher economic losses.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)
Open AccessArticle
Innovative Thinking in Volunteer Organizations: Addressing the Impact of Psychological Ownership on Volunteer Organizational Commitment
by
Ming-Jin Hsieh and Shiu-Kuan Chiu
Systems 2024, 12(7), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070228 - 24 Jun 2024
Abstract
This study explores the impact of psychological ownership on volunteer commitment within volunteer organizations. By introducing psychological ownership as a new variable, this research aims to enhance volunteer commitment through improved management practices and innovations. The study involved a random sample of educational
[...] Read more.
This study explores the impact of psychological ownership on volunteer commitment within volunteer organizations. By introducing psychological ownership as a new variable, this research aims to enhance volunteer commitment through improved management practices and innovations. The study involved a random sample of educational volunteers from primary schools, who completed questionnaires after being briefed by the researchers. An analysis of 212 valid responses revealed that psychological ownership significantly influences organizational commitment, with volunteer motivation acting as a partial mediator. Based on these findings, the study suggests two innovative strategies to promote volunteer commitment. First, developing a diverse knowledge base for volunteer managers to improve their leadership and collaboration skills. Second, integrating volunteers as a subsystem within the staff through decentralized decision making, thereby increasing their participation and sense of responsibility. These insights extend the concept of psychological ownership to volunteer settings, offering theoretical contributions and practical implications for enhancing volunteer retention rates and organizational effectiveness.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Practices in Technological Innovation Management Systems)
Open AccessArticle
The Role of Institutional Logics in Shaping Sustainable Talent Management: A Comparative Study of Two South Korean Conglomerates
by
Joonghak Lee
Systems 2024, 12(7), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070227 - 24 Jun 2024
Abstract
This research examines the evolution of human resource management (HRM) practices within Samsung and Lotte, two major South Korean conglomerates. Both companies have been profoundly influenced by the Japanese management paradigm, especially in areas like seniority-based promotion rooted in Confucian values. Drawing from
[...] Read more.
This research examines the evolution of human resource management (HRM) practices within Samsung and Lotte, two major South Korean conglomerates. Both companies have been profoundly influenced by the Japanese management paradigm, especially in areas like seniority-based promotion rooted in Confucian values. Drawing from institutional theory, the study elucidates how similar economic trajectories in South Korea and Japan fostered comparable institutional logics and pressures in HRM. However, as organizations navigate institutional shifts, their responses and resulting HRM adaptations can diverge. Utilizing a comparative approach through the lens of the institutional logic theory, key findings unveil as follows: (1) Samsung and Lotte’s HR practices exhibit a strong Japanese influence, highlighting cultural/historical context’s importance. (2) Despite similar pressures, the conglomerates developed distinct HR practices attributed to differing institutional logics. (3) Institutional logics play a pivotal role in shaping HRM and influencing organizational behavior. (4) Organizations adapt HR practices in response to institutional complexities, leading to practice divergence. (5) The study extends institutional theory’s application in understanding organizations’ varied responses to similar pressures. (6) Findings offer HR professionals insights on tailoring strategies based on contextual understanding. The study extends the application of institutional theory in deciphering varied organizational responses. Practically, it provides HR professionals guidance on contextually appropriate HRM strategies. Companies across Asia can leverage these insights to anticipate HR practice shifts and align them with evolving institutional frameworks.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking Perspective to Enhance Situational Awareness in Response to Crisis Situations Encountered by Organizations, Government Agencies, and Countries)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00227/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00227-g001-550.jpg?1719207341)
Figure 1
Open AccessEditorial
The Updated Sections of Systems
by
William T. Scherer
Systems 2024, 12(7), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070226 - 22 Jun 2024
Abstract
Our journal Systems (https://www [...]
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Research on Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of Manufacturing Servitization—Based on the Perspective of Innovation Strategy
by
Peili Yu and Meng Gao
Systems 2024, 12(7), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070225 - 21 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
With the increasingly fierce market competition, customers’ needs are gradually becoming more complicated, specialized, customized, and personalized. How manufacturing enterprises adopt innovation strategies to achieve value-added products as well as value co-creation with customers is an important initiative for enterprises to maintain differentiated
[...] Read more.
With the increasingly fierce market competition, customers’ needs are gradually becoming more complicated, specialized, customized, and personalized. How manufacturing enterprises adopt innovation strategies to achieve value-added products as well as value co-creation with customers is an important initiative for enterprises to maintain differentiated advantages in market competition. Therefore, the creation of service value has gradually become more and more important. The related research on manufacturing servitization has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Manufacturing servitization is the evolution process of manufacturing enterprises gradually from product-dominant logic to service-dominant logic. The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic evolution of manufacturing servitization from the perspective of innovation strategy and analyze the dynamic evolution mechanism. This study shows the latest research progress of theories related to manufacturing servitization and lays the theoretical foundation for research on the mechanism of the dynamic evolution of manufacturing servitization. This study proposes a three-stage dynamic evolution model of manufacturing servitization: product production, technological innovation, and service innovation. This study primarily employs the research methods of model construction and computer simulation. Based on the Nelson–Winter model, this study establishes a decision model for manufacturing servitization innovation strategy. This study conducts a computer simulation study on the dynamic evolution of manufacturing servitization from the perspective of innovation strategy and draws conclusions. This study is of great significance for manufacturing enterprises in making appropriate service-oriented innovation strategy decisions in the context of the service-oriented transformation occurring widely in the manufacturing industry.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00225/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00225-g001-550.jpg?1718951511)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
An Intelligent Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Modeling Time-Series Customer Satisfaction in Product Design
by
Huimin Jiang, Farzad Sabetzadeh and Chen Zhang
Systems 2024, 12(6), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060224 - 20 Jun 2024
Abstract
In previous research on the development of the relationships between product attributes and customer satisfaction, the models did not adequately consider nonlinearity and the fuzzy emotions of customers in online reviews. Also, stable customer satisfaction was considered. However, customer satisfaction is changing with
[...] Read more.
In previous research on the development of the relationships between product attributes and customer satisfaction, the models did not adequately consider nonlinearity and the fuzzy emotions of customers in online reviews. Also, stable customer satisfaction was considered. However, customer satisfaction is changing with time rapidly, and a time-series analysis for customer satisfaction has not been conducted previously. To address these challenges, this study designed a novel methodology using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) in conjunction with Bi-objective particle swarm optimization (BOPSO) and sentiment analysis techniques. Sentiment analysis is employed to extract time-series customer satisfaction data from online reviews. Then, an ANFIS with the BOPSO method is proposed for the establishment of customer satisfaction models. In previous studies, ANFIS is an effective method to model customer satisfaction which can handle fuzziness and nonlinearity. However, when dealing with a large number of inputs, the modeling process may fail due to the complexity of the structure and the lengthy computational time required. Incorporating the BOPSO algorithm into ANFIS can identify the optimal inputs in ANFIS and effectively mitigate the inherent limitations of ANFIS. Using mobile phones as a case study, a comparison was performed between the proposed approach and another four approaches in modeling time-series customer satisfaction.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Value Assessment of Product Service System Design)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00224/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00224-g001-550.jpg?1718891300)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Global Value Chain Position of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
by
Xiumin Li and Minshan Tan
Systems 2024, 12(6), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060223 - 20 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
When considering the economic growth of the Greater Bay Area, digital transformation stands out as a crucial catalyst. Given its significance, it is imperative to delve into both the theoretical and empirical aspects of how digital transformation affects the region’s position in the
[...] Read more.
When considering the economic growth of the Greater Bay Area, digital transformation stands out as a crucial catalyst. Given its significance, it is imperative to delve into both the theoretical and empirical aspects of how digital transformation affects the region’s position in the global value chain. Theoretical hypotheses are put forward regarding the impact and mechanisms of digital transformation on the global value chain position of the Greater Bay Area based on a global value chain perspective. A three-tier nested input–output table that incorporates the Greater Bay Area is constructed, and trade decomposition and global value chain position measurement models specific to the area are developed for analyzing its current state in terms of global value chain position. Empirical testing was conducted to examine how digital transformation impacts this position. Digital transformation will significantly enhance the position of the Greater Bay Area in the division of global value chains, mainly through enhancing technological innovation transformation capabilities and value added by exports from the Greater Bay Area. Digital transformation within the Greater Bay Area has had a more substantial positive impact than the digital transformation in other provinces in China and digital transformation from foreign sources. In terms of city heterogeneity, it is evident that the global value chain from Hong Kong and Macao has experienced a more significant impact from digital transformation compared to cities in the Pearl River Delta. Therefore, the Greater Bay Area should increase the use of both digital transformation and differentiated use of digital transformation. PRD cities should actively learn from Hong Kong and Macao’s forms of digital construction and promote the Greater Bay Area’s global value chain status.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00223/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00223-g001-550.jpg?1719375090)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Research on Multistage Heterogeneous Information Fusion of Product Design Decision-Making Based on Axiomatic Design
by
Yanpu Yang, Qiyuan Zuo, Kai Zhang, Xinran Li, Wenfeng Yu and Lijing Ji
Systems 2024, 12(6), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060222 - 20 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The product design process, fraught with uncertainties and ambiguities in its requirements and constraints, commonly traverses multiple stages, each emphasizing distinct design aspects. This engenders heterogeneity in decision-making criteria, rendering the effective integration of information from various stages of product design decision-making (PDDM)
[...] Read more.
The product design process, fraught with uncertainties and ambiguities in its requirements and constraints, commonly traverses multiple stages, each emphasizing distinct design aspects. This engenders heterogeneity in decision-making criteria, rendering the effective integration of information from various stages of product design decision-making (PDDM) a pivotal task in identifying the optimal design solution. Surprisingly, limited research has attended to the challenge of consolidating such heterogeneous information across multiple PDDM stages. To bridge this gap, our study employs real numbers, interval numbers, and linguistic terms to capture the heterogeneous judgments of decision-makers. We fuse the Maximization Deviation Method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for determining indicators’ weights, while decision-makers’ weights are derived through a dual consideration of uncertainty measure using fuzzy entropy and a distance-minimization model applied to the PDDM matrix for achieving consistency. Leveraging the advantage of axiomatic design, product design alternatives are evaluated based on their PDDM information content of PDDM matrices. Given the multistage nature of product design, stages’ weights are computed by assessing the information content and consistency degree of PDDM matrices at each stage. Ultimately, our approach achieves multistage heterogeneous decision-making fusion in product design through information axiom weighting. A case study involving the decision-making process for a specific numerical control machine design illustrates the efficacy of our method in integrating multistage heterogeneous PDDM data, yielding a comprehensive perspective on the viability of product design schemes. Results show that the ranking sequence of the product design schemes solidifies to x3 > x2 > x1 in stages 2 and 3 of PDDM, diverging from the initial order observed in stage 1 (x2 > x3 > x1), while the fused result from the multistage heterogeneous PDDM analysis aligns with the later stages’ rankings, indicating the credibility and persuasiveness are fortified. This methodology thus offers a robust framework for synthesizing and navigating the uncertainties and complexities inherent in multistage heterogeneous PDDM contexts.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00222/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00222-g001-550.jpg?1719362984)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Variable Neighborhood Search for Minimizing the Makespan in a Uniform Parallel Machine Scheduling
by
Khaled Bamatraf and Anis Gharbi
Systems 2024, 12(6), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060221 - 20 Jun 2024
Abstract
This paper investigates a uniform parallel machine scheduling problem for makespan minimization. Due to the problem’s NP-hardness, much effort from researchers has been directed toward proposing heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms that can find an optimal or a near-optimal solution in a reasonable amount
[...] Read more.
This paper investigates a uniform parallel machine scheduling problem for makespan minimization. Due to the problem’s NP-hardness, much effort from researchers has been directed toward proposing heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms that can find an optimal or a near-optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time. This work proposes two versions of a variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm with five neighborhood structures, differing in their initial solution generation strategy. The first uses the longest processing time (LPT) rule, while the second introduces a novel element by utilizing a randomized longest processing time (RLPT) rule. The neighborhood structures for both versions were modified from the literature to account for the variable processing times in uniform parallel machines. We evaluated the performance of both VNS versions using a numerical example, comparing them against a genetic algorithm and a tabu search from existing literature. Results showed that the proposed VNS algorithms were competitive and obtained the optimal solution with much less effort. Additionally, we assessed the performance of the VNS algorithms on randomly generated instances. For small-sized instances, we compared their performance against the optimal solution obtained from a mathematical formulation, and against lower bounds derived from the literature for larger instances. Computational results showed that the VNS version with the randomized LPT rule (RLPT) as the initial solution (RVNS) outperformed that with the LPT rule as the initial solution (LVNS). Moreover, RVNS found the optimal solution in 90.19% of the small instances and yielded an average relative gap of about 0.15% for all cases.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Simulation of Digitalized Smart Manufacturing Systems)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00221/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00221-g001-550.jpg?1718876563)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Business Resilience for Small and Medium Enterprises and Startups by Digital Transformation and the Role of Marketing Capabilities—A Systematic Review
by
Hamed Hokmabadi, Seyed M. H. S. Rezvani and Celso Augusto de Matos
Systems 2024, 12(6), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060220 - 20 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This study investigates the intersection of digital transformation, business resilience, and marketing capabilities, focusing on small businesses and startups. The digital revolution has significantly transformed business operations, supply chain management, and overall organizational performance. Conducted following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature review used
[...] Read more.
This study investigates the intersection of digital transformation, business resilience, and marketing capabilities, focusing on small businesses and startups. The digital revolution has significantly transformed business operations, supply chain management, and overall organizational performance. Conducted following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature review used the Scopus database, refining an initial 247 documents to 51 relevant studies. Key trends include the vital role of digital transformation in enhancing resilience, the use of emerging technologies for sustainable supply chains, and the importance of digital skills and knowledge management. Research highlights the implications of digital marketing and e-commerce adoption for SMEs, revealing the need for firms to develop dynamic capabilities to thrive in turbulent environments. However, gaps remain, such as understanding the long-term impacts of digital transformation, the interactions between digital maturity, innovation, and sustainability, and the necessity for comparative studies across industries and regions. Additionally, investigating how marketing capabilities contribute to resilience is essential, enabling small businesses and startups to withstand and recover from disruptions. Addressing these trends and gaps will enhance our understanding of digital transformation’s multifaceted implications for SMEs and startups, helping them leverage marketing capabilities to navigate challenges and seize opportunities in the digital era.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00220/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00220-g001-550.jpg?1718873160)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Forecasting Retail Sales for Furniture and Furnishing Items through the Employment of Multiple Linear Regression and Holt–Winters Models
by
Melike Nur İnce and Çağatay Taşdemir
Systems 2024, 12(6), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060219 - 19 Jun 2024
Abstract
Global economic growth, marked by rising GDP and population, has spurred demand for essential goods including furniture. This study presents a comprehensive demand forecasting analysis for retail furniture sales in the U.S. for the next 36 months using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and
[...] Read more.
Global economic growth, marked by rising GDP and population, has spurred demand for essential goods including furniture. This study presents a comprehensive demand forecasting analysis for retail furniture sales in the U.S. for the next 36 months using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Holt–Winters methods. Leveraging retail sales data from 2019 to 2023, alongside key influencing factors such as furniture imports, consumer sentiment, and housing starts, we developed two predictive models. The results indicated that retail furniture sales exhibited strong seasonality and a positive trend, with the lowest forecasted demand in April 2024 (USD 9118 million) and the highest in December 2026 (USD 13,577 million). The average annual demand for 2024, 2025, and 2026 is projected at USD 12,122.5 million, USD 12,522.67 million, and USD 12,922.17 million, respectively, based on MLR, while Holt–Winters results are slightly more conservative. The models were compared using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) metric, with the MLR model yielding a MAPE of 3.47% and the Holt–Winters model achieving a MAPE of 4.21%. The study’s findings align with global market projections and highlight the growing demand trajectory in the U.S. furniture industry, providing valuable insights for strategic decision-making and operations management.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00219/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00219-g001-550.jpg?1719296449)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Towards Assessing the Economic Sustainability of Reconfigurable Modularization in Semi-Automatic Assembly Systems: A System Dynamics Perspective
by
Gary Linnéusson and Simon Boldt
Systems 2024, 12(6), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060218 - 19 Jun 2024
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic sustainability implications of reconfigurable modularization and changeability in semi-automatic assembly systems using a system dynamics perspective. Through our applied research, using a multiple case study approach, we assess the potential and drawbacks of
[...] Read more.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic sustainability implications of reconfigurable modularization and changeability in semi-automatic assembly systems using a system dynamics perspective. Through our applied research, using a multiple case study approach, we assess the potential and drawbacks of reconfigurable modularization to advance sustainable practices in the manufacturing industry with the purpose of improving overall long-term resource allocation in product realization processes. The traditional approach of developing and industrializing one product at a time is becoming obsolete due to factors such as more frequent product introductions, technological innovations, and sustainability requirements. This is due to the increasing trends of product variety and customization, which often necessitate costly modifications to production systems throughout their life cycles. To address these challenges, scholars advocate for the adoption of reconfigurable modular architectures in product and production system designs, facilitated through product platforming. However, when it comes to studies of the long-term economic impacts from the effects in operations, meaning the economic sustainability implications for the production system throughout its life cycle, there is limited research examining the economic rationale for this approach. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic examination of the economic sustainability implications of reconfigurable modularization in semi-automatic assembly systems using a system dynamics perspective. By leveraging a system dynamics simulation, we structure and investigate the potential economic short- and long-term tradeoffs between the benefits and drawbacks of reconfigurable modularization derived from empirical findings across four case studies. The novelty of this study highlights not only the investment costs and related engineering implications and their costs but also the estimated operation costs encompassing multiple product introductions expected during the life cycle of a production system. We believe that such an approach offers valuable insights into how reconfigurable modularization can be useful from an economic sustainability viewpoint within semi-automatic assembly systems, thereby contributing to the ongoing industrial transformation towards sustainability.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Systems Engineering: Theory and Applications, 2nd Volume)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00218/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00218-g001-550.jpg?1718799481)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
A Study on the Willingness of “Generation Z” Consumers to Use Online Virtual Try-On Shopping Services Based on the S-O-R Framework
by
Zhicheng Wang and Qianling Jiang
Systems 2024, 12(6), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060217 - 18 Jun 2024
Abstract
Virtual try-on services, which significantly reduce return rates and enhance user shopping experiences, pose a crucial question: how can user willingness to use these services be increased? Additionally, “Generation Z” consumers, known for their unique traits and significant consumption potential, have been relatively
[...] Read more.
Virtual try-on services, which significantly reduce return rates and enhance user shopping experiences, pose a crucial question: how can user willingness to use these services be increased? Additionally, “Generation Z” consumers, known for their unique traits and significant consumption potential, have been relatively understudied in this context. To address this theoretical gap, this study employs the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) theory as its research framework, using online virtual shoe try-on services as a case study. Focusing on “Generation Z” consumers, this study utilizes literature review, user research, factor analysis, and linear regression to establish a user experience evaluation scale and behavior model. The user experience evaluation scale identifies positive elements such as convenience, price value, visual information acquisition, emotional value, and social interaction. The negative elements include technical limitations, personalized service deficiencies, and uncertainty. In the behavior model, all elements influence user attitudes. Notably, only the negative elements directly affect users’ willingness to use the service, except social interaction among the positive elements, which positively impacts usage intention. This study also reveals that “Generation Z” consumers have novel requirements for social interaction. This research effectively addresses existing theoretical gaps and provides a foundational theory for the development of related services and technologies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Value Assessment of Product Service System Design)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00217/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00217-g001-550.jpg?1719317483)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Integrating Trade-In Strategies for Optimal Pre-Positioning Decisions in Relief Supply-Chain Systems
by
Yingjie Ju, Hanping Hou, Jianliang Yang, Yuheng Ren and Jimei Yang
Systems 2024, 12(6), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060216 - 18 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This paper delves into optimizing the rotation of relief supplies within the relief supply chain system, concentrating on reserve quantity decisions for governments and humanitarian organizations involved in disaster response. By integrating a trade-in strategy with suppliers, it ensures a precise and timely
[...] Read more.
This paper delves into optimizing the rotation of relief supplies within the relief supply chain system, concentrating on reserve quantity decisions for governments and humanitarian organizations involved in disaster response. By integrating a trade-in strategy with suppliers, it ensures a precise and timely response to the fluctuating demand for relief supplies post-disaster. Utilizing the newsvendor model, optimization theory, and supply chain coordination principles, we developed a comprehensive model that calculates optimal reserve quantities for pre-positioning demanders. It also outlines the expected profit function for suppliers and a robust supply chain coordination model. The findings highlight that optimal stockpiling decisions for relief supplies are heavily influenced by cost parameters, material characteristics, and the relationship between trade-in pricing and market resale values. Notably, higher trade-in prices generally reduce the government’s optimal reserve quantities, impacting strategic decisions within supply chain coordination. This research adds to disaster management literature by offering strategic insights into how coordination and pricing strategies can improve disaster preparedness and response efficiency and effectiveness.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00216/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00216-g001-550.jpg?1719302216)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Strategies for Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain in Organizational Contexts: Pre- and Post-Disaster Management Perspectives
by
Amir Aghsami, Simintaj Sharififar, Nader Markazi Moghaddam, Ebrahim Hazrati, Fariborz Jolai and Reza Yazdani
Systems 2024, 12(6), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060215 - 18 Jun 2024
Abstract
Every organization typically comprises various internal components, including regional branches, operations centers/field offices, major transportation hubs, and operational units, among others, housing a population susceptible to disaster impacts. Moreover, organizations often possess resources such as staff, various vehicles, and medical facilities, which can
[...] Read more.
Every organization typically comprises various internal components, including regional branches, operations centers/field offices, major transportation hubs, and operational units, among others, housing a population susceptible to disaster impacts. Moreover, organizations often possess resources such as staff, various vehicles, and medical facilities, which can mitigate human casualties and address needs across affected areas. However, despite the importance of managing disasters within organizational networks, there remains a research gap in the development of mathematical models for such scenarios, specifically incorporating operations centers/field offices and external stakeholders as relief centers. Addressing this gap, this study examines an optimization model for both before and after disaster planning in a humanitarian supply chain and logistical framework within an organization. The affected areas are defined as regional branches, operational units, major transportation hubs, operations centers/field offices, external stakeholders, and medical facilities. A mixed-integer nonlinear model is formulated to minimize overall costs, considering factors such as penalty costs for untreated injuries and demand, delays in rescue and relief item distribution operations, and waiting costs for the injured in emergency medical vehicles and air ambulances. The model is implemented using GAMS software 47.1.0 for various test problems across different scales, with the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm proposed for larger-scale scenarios. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and to validate the metaheuristic approach. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the model’s performance under different conditions, and key managerial insights and implications are discussed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of System Engineering and Complex Theory in Transportation)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-12-00215/article_deploy/html/images/systems-12-00215-g001-550.jpg?1718771187)
Figure 1
![Systems systems-logo](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/systems-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14)
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Systems Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Electronics, JMMP, Machines, Robotics, Systems
Advanced Paradigms, Systems and Enabling Technologies for Product Life Cycle
Topic Editors: Pingyu Jiang, Gang Xiong, Jihong YanDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topic in
Administrative Sciences, Businesses, Economies, IJERPH, JRFM, Risks, Systems
Risk Management in Public Sector
Topic Editors: Matthias Beck, Andrew WattersonDeadline: 20 October 2024
Topic in
BDCC, Digital, Information, Mathematics, Systems
Data-Driven Group Decision-Making
Topic Editors: Shaojian Qu, Ying Ji, M. Faisal NadeemDeadline: 31 December 2024
Topic in
AI, Digital, JMSE, Logistics, Systems
Global Maritime Logistics in the Era of Industry 4.0
Topic Editors: Nam Kyu Park, Hokey MinDeadline: 28 February 2025
![loading...](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1719563568)
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Systems
Lean Manufacturing in Industry 4.0
Guest Editors: Rossella Pozzi, Violetta Giada CannasDeadline: 30 June 2024
Special Issue in
Systems
Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Marketing Decisions
Guest Editor: Akhilesh ChandraDeadline: 15 July 2024
Special Issue in
Systems
Advances in System Dynamics and Agent-Based Modeling for Social-Ecological Systems Research
Guest Editors: Takuro Uehara, Wayne WakelandDeadline: 31 July 2024
Special Issue in
Systems
The Systems Thinking Approach to Strategic Management
Guest Editors: Federico Barnabè, Martin KuncDeadline: 15 August 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Systems
Collected papers from ISSS
Collection Editors: Javier Calvo-Amodio, David Rousseau