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Article

QoS-Ledger: Smart Contracts and Metaheuristic for Secure Quality-of-Service and Cost-Efficient Scheduling of Medical-Data Processing

by
Abdullah Ayub Khan
1,2,*,
Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh
2,
Laura Baitenova
3,
Lyailya Mutaliyeva
4,
Nikita Moiseev
5,
Alexey Mikhaylov
6,
Asif Ali Laghari
1,*,
Sahar Ahmed Idris
7 and
Hammam Alshazly
8
1
Department of Computer Science, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
2
Faculty of Computing Science and Information Technology, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Karachi 75660, Pakistan
3
Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications Named after Gumarbek Daukeyev, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
4
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
5
Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Plekhanov Russia University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
6
Financial Research Institute of Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, 127006 Moscow, Russia
7
College of Industrial Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
8
Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2021, 10(24), 3083; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243083
Submission received: 5 October 2021 / Revised: 25 November 2021 / Accepted: 1 December 2021 / Published: 10 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy in Blockchain/IoT)
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Abstract

Quality-of-service (QoS) is the term used to evaluate the overall performance of a service. In healthcare applications, efficient computation of QoS is one of the mandatory requirements during the processing of medical records through smart measurement methods. Medical services often involve the transmission of demanding information. Thus, there are stringent requirements for secure, intelligent, public-network quality-of-service. This paper contributes to three different aspects. First, we propose a novel metaheuristic approach for medical cost-efficient task schedules, where an intelligent scheduler manages the tasks, such as the rate of service schedule, and lists items utilized by users during the data processing and computation through the fog node. Second, the QoS efficient-computation algorithm, which effectively monitors performance according to the indicator (parameter) with the analysis mechanism of quality-of-experience (QoE), has been developed. Third, a framework of blockchain-distributed technology-enabled QoS (QoS-ledger) computation in healthcare applications is proposed in a permissionless public peer-to-peer (P2P) network, which stores medical processed information in a distributed ledger. We have designed and deployed smart contracts for secure medical-data transmission and processing in serverless peering networks and handled overall node-protected interactions and preserved logs in a blockchain distributed ledger. The simulation result shows that QoS is computed on the blockchain public network with transmission power = average of −10 to −17 dBm, jitter = 34 ms, delay = average of 87 to 95 ms, throughput = 185 bytes, duty cycle = 8%, route of delivery and response back variable. Thus, the proposed QoS-ledger is a potential candidate for the computation of quality-of-service that is not limited to e-healthcare distributed applications.
Keywords: smart contracts; blockchain; quality-of-service (QoS); metaheuristic; cost-effective scheduling; e-healthcare applications smart contracts; blockchain; quality-of-service (QoS); metaheuristic; cost-effective scheduling; e-healthcare applications

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, A.A.; Shaikh, Z.A.; Baitenova, L.; Mutaliyeva, L.; Moiseev, N.; Mikhaylov, A.; Laghari, A.A.; Idris, S.A.; Alshazly, H. QoS-Ledger: Smart Contracts and Metaheuristic for Secure Quality-of-Service and Cost-Efficient Scheduling of Medical-Data Processing. Electronics 2021, 10, 3083. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243083

AMA Style

Khan AA, Shaikh ZA, Baitenova L, Mutaliyeva L, Moiseev N, Mikhaylov A, Laghari AA, Idris SA, Alshazly H. QoS-Ledger: Smart Contracts and Metaheuristic for Secure Quality-of-Service and Cost-Efficient Scheduling of Medical-Data Processing. Electronics. 2021; 10(24):3083. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243083

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Abdullah Ayub, Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh, Laura Baitenova, Lyailya Mutaliyeva, Nikita Moiseev, Alexey Mikhaylov, Asif Ali Laghari, Sahar Ahmed Idris, and Hammam Alshazly. 2021. "QoS-Ledger: Smart Contracts and Metaheuristic for Secure Quality-of-Service and Cost-Efficient Scheduling of Medical-Data Processing" Electronics 10, no. 24: 3083. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243083

APA Style

Khan, A. A., Shaikh, Z. A., Baitenova, L., Mutaliyeva, L., Moiseev, N., Mikhaylov, A., Laghari, A. A., Idris, S. A., & Alshazly, H. (2021). QoS-Ledger: Smart Contracts and Metaheuristic for Secure Quality-of-Service and Cost-Efficient Scheduling of Medical-Data Processing. Electronics, 10(24), 3083. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243083

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