The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Adoption of Green Fashion Innovation
, Nawras M. Nusairat 2 and Ra’ed Masa’deh 3Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Dear Authors,
I believe this is an interesting work. However, before it may considered for next level of review I suggest authors to undertake some quality revision to address several issues as:
- Introduction section
In this section authors must clearly explain the guiding research questions (RQs). However, I believe authors must build a strong arguments grounded in literature. I believe authors must read some good works that may guide authors to strengthen this section:
Caniato, F., Caridi, M., Crippa, L., & Moretto, A. (2012). Environmental sustainability in fashion supply chains: An exploratory case based research. International journal of production economics, 135(2), 659-670.
Wu, K. J., Liao, C. J., Tseng, M. L., & Chiu, A. S. (2015). Exploring decisive factors in green supply chain practices under uncertainty. International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 147-157.
Li, G., Lim, M. K., & Wang, Z. (2020). Stakeholders, green manufacturing, and practice performance: empirical evidence from Chinese fashion businesses. Annals of Operations Research, 290(1), 961-982.
Wu, L., Subramanian, N., Abdulrahman, M. D., Liu, C., Lai, K. H., & Pawar, K. S. (2015). The impact of integrated practices of lean, green, and social management systems on firm sustainability performance—evidence from Chinese fashion auto-parts suppliers. Sustainability, 7(4), 3838-3858.
Lee, E. J., Choi, H., Han, J., Kim, D. H., Ko, E., & Kim, K. H. (2020). How to “Nudge” your consumers toward sustainable fashion consumption: An fMRI investigation. Journal of Business Research, 117,642-651.
I am sure these articles will surely help to revise the introduction section.
2. Instead of literature review, I suggest authors to rewrite it as Underpinning theories.
3. Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses Development
This is the weakest link of this manuscript. Ideally, this section often decide the fate of any manuscript. I am yet to understand, how authors have developed the theoretical model. Ideally, it should have been grounded in theory/theories. For better understanding, I suggest some important literature that may guide authors to build this most important section as:
Sarkis, J., Zhu, Q., & Lai, K. H. (2011). An organizational theoretic review of green supply chain management literature. International journal of production economics, 130(1), 1-15.
Zhu, Q., Geng, Y., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2011). Evaluating green supply chain management among Chinese manufacturers from the ecological modernization perspective. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 47(6), 808-821.
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2004). Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of operations management, 22(3), 265-289.
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2007). The moderating effects of institutional pressures on emergent green supply chain practices and performance. International journal of production research, 45(18-19), 4333-4355.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., & Ali, S. S. (2015). Exploring the relationship between leadership, operational practices, institutional pressures and environmental performance: A framework for green supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 160, 120-132.
de Camargo Fiorini, P., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2017). Information systems and sustainable supply chain management towards a more sustainable society: Where we are and where we are going. International Journal of Information Management, 37(4), 241-249.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., Papadopoulos, T., Hazen, B., Giannakis, M., & Roubaud, D. (2017). Examining the effect of external pressures and organizational culture on shaping performance measurement systems (PMS) for sustainability benchmarking: Some empirical findings. International Journal of Production Economics, 193, 63-76.
I am sure these some articles will offer clear direction, to address three main concerns:
a. How to conceptualise a theoretical framework?
b. How to build research hypotheses? (please do not specify significance level in each hypothesis. Instead build arguments in support of each hypothesis. Simply, outlining hypothesis suggest a poor understanding of empirical research.
4. Instead of research methodology, rewrite as research methods. You are not building theory arounds research method. Instead discuss how you have operationalised your constructs used in your study. Moreover, discuss how you have gathered data and checked non-response bias using Armstrong and Overton (1977) wave analysis. For better understanding, I suggest authors to read some important articles as:
Chen, I. J., & Paulraj, A. (2004). Towards a theory of supply chain management: the constructs and measurements. Journal of operations management, 22(2), 119-150.
Brandon‐Jones, E., Squire, B., Autry, C. W., & Petersen, K. J. (2014). A contingent resource‐based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(3), 55-73.
Srinivasan, R., & Swink, M. (2018). An investigation of visibility and flexibility as complements to supply chain analytics: An organizational information processing theory perspective. Production and Operations Management, 27(10), 1849-1867.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., Blome, C., & Papadopoulos, T. (2019). Big data and predictive analytics and manufacturing performance: integrating institutional theory, resource‐based view and big data culture. British Journal of Management, 30(2), 341-361.
Well all these papers may not help to strengthen the arguments related to hypotheses development. However, when it comes to empirical study and testing hypothese using cross-sectional data using survey based instrument, I believe these suggested articles will help address your all queries. You should read these articles published in reputable empirical Journals and will help to master the research design and data analyses techniques.
5. Data Analyses
As I suggested that data analyses is quite obsolete. Before moving to research hypotheses testing, you have to assess validity of the constructs, test goodness of fit and further test whether data is free from common method bias (CMB). I believe the current study lacl all these important analyses. I am sure reading of suggested articles will guide how to deal with these issues and build a strong arguments.
6. Discussion section
I think the section needs further expansion. I believe reading of suggested articles will surely help to improve the research skills.
I hope you and your team will find these inputs quite useful to develop the current study and future studies also.
Author Response
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Comments and Suggestions for Authors
Dear Authors,
I believe this is an interesting work. However, before it may considered for next level of review I suggest authors to undertake some quality revision to address several issues as:
- Introduction section
In this section authors must clearly explain the guiding research questions (RQs). However, I believe authors must build a strong arguments grounded in literature. I believe authors must read some good works that may guide authors to strengthen this section:
Caniato, F., Caridi, M., Crippa, L., & Moretto, A. (2012). Environmental sustainability in fashion supply chains: An exploratory case based research. International journal of production economics, 135(2), 659-670.
Wu, K. J., Liao, C. J., Tseng, M. L., & Chiu, A. S. (2015). Exploring decisive factors in green supply chain practices under uncertainty. International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 147-157.
Li, G., Lim, M. K., & Wang, Z. (2020). Stakeholders, green manufacturing, and practice performance: empirical evidence from Chinese fashion businesses. Annals of Operations Research, 290(1), 961-982.
Wu, L., Subramanian, N., Abdulrahman, M. D., Liu, C., Lai, K. H., & Pawar, K. S. (2015). The impact of integrated practices of lean, green, and social management systems on firm sustainability performance—evidence from Chinese fashion auto-parts suppliers. Sustainability, 7(4), 3838-3858.
Lee, E. J., Choi, H., Han, J., Kim, D. H., Ko, E., & Kim, K. H. (2020). How to “Nudge” your consumers toward sustainable fashion consumption: An fMRI investigation. Journal of Business Research, 117,642-651.
I am sure these articles will surely help to revise the introduction section.
We took your comments into our consideration and we apply the following paragraph into our study introduction.
According to Caniato et al. (2012) environmental sustainability has become a key issue to managers. Also, practitioners face a challenge of achieving a balance between a business needs and the environment. Fashion industry is one of the most industry that is exposed to the public. Therefore, fashion companies are held responsible for environmental problem that caused by them and by their suppliers. Accordingly, companies are encouraged to adopt green practices that can improve environmental sustainability. Also, green supply chain practices provide a practical approach with industry practices to prevent pollution and waste. firms can improve economic performance in green supply chain practices through establishing a recovering and recycling system (Wu et al., 2015a). A study conducted by Li et al. (2020) focuses on assisting companies to enhance environmental awareness and green manufacturing practices. The study found that corporate stakeholders can have a positive impact on practice performance through green manufacturing. In addition, companies should improve green manufacturing technology to ensure smooth implementation of green manufacturing practices. According to Wu et al. (2015b) a selected stand-alone practice of green, lean, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) management systems have a positive impact on firm sustainability performance. Furthermore, Consumers often have positive attitudes about green marketing. Thus, marketers can use communication techniques to set up the tone for sustainable fashion marketing. Based on balance theory, environmental priming can increase consumer preferences for fashion products with green logos. Based on the study was conducted by Lee et al., (2020) green logo effect as significant activations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
- Instead of literature review, I suggest authors to rewrite it as Underpinning theories.
Thank you, we followed your suggestion.
- Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses Development
Thank you, we followed your suggestion.
This is the weakest link of this manuscript. Ideally, this section often decide the fate of any manuscript. I am yet to understand, how authors have developed the theoretical model. Ideally, it should have been grounded in theory/theories. For better understanding, I suggest some important literature that may guide authors to build this most important section as:
Sarkis, J., Zhu, Q., & Lai, K. H. (2011). An organizational theoretic review of green supply chain management literature. International journal of production economics, 130(1), 1-15.
Zhu, Q., Geng, Y., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2011). Evaluating green supply chain management among Chinese manufacturers from the ecological modernization perspective. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 47(6), 808-821.
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2004). Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of operations management, 22(3), 265-289.
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2007). The moderating effects of institutional pressures on emergent green supply chain practices and performance. International journal of production research, 45(18-19), 4333-4355.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., & Ali, S. S. (2015). Exploring the relationship between leadership, operational practices, institutional pressures and environmental performance: A framework for green supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 160, 120-132.
de Camargo Fiorini, P., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2017). Information systems and sustainable supply chain management towards a more sustainable society: Where we are and where we are going. International Journal of Information Management, 37(4), 241-249.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., Papadopoulos, T., Hazen, B., Giannakis, M., & Roubaud, D. (2017). Examining the effect of external pressures and organizational culture on shaping performance measurement systems (PMS) for sustainability benchmarking: Some empirical findings. International Journal of Production Economics, 193, 63-76.
I am sure these some articles will offer clear direction, to address three main concerns:
Thank you, we follow your suggestion and we added the following paragraph and references to our argument.
This study explored the impact of KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) on the adoption of green fashion innovation. This study builds its model on the previous literatures of (Sarkis et al., 2011), (Zhu et al., 2011), (Zhu and Sarkis, 2004), (Zhu and Sarkis, 2007), (Dubey et al., 2015), (de Camargo Fiorini and Jabbour, 2017), and (Dubey et al., 2017). According to Sarkis et al., (2011) green supply chain management (GSCM) has gained increasing attention in the recent years. Green supply chain management (GSCM) has become an emergent ecological modernization tool. Also, ecological modernization at the society level is influenced by restructuring policies and regulations. Some of these policies and regulations are focusing on enhancing energy savings and pollution reduction which it supports the KAP model (Zhu et al., 2011). A study conducted by Zhu and Sarkis (2004) which they support green movement in the supply chain management. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is emerging to be an important approach to improve their environmental performance.
The model in Figure 1 shows the dependent and independent variables and the main and sub hypotheses as mentioned in the literature review.
Sarkis, J., Zhu, Q., & Lai, K. H. (2011). An organizational theoretic review of green supply chain management literature. International journal of production economics, 130(1), 1-15.
Zhu, Q., Geng, Y., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2011). Evaluating green supply chain management among Chinese manufacturers from the ecological modernization perspective. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 47(6), 808-821.
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2004). Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of operations management, 22(3), 265-289.
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2007). The moderating effects of institutional pressures on emergent green supply chain practices and performance. International journal of production research, 45(18-19), 4333-4355.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., & Ali, S. S. (2015). Exploring the relationship between leadership, operational practices, institutional pressures and environmental performance: A framework for green supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 160, 120-132.
de Camargo Fiorini, P., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2017). Information systems and sustainable supply chain management towards a more sustainable society: Where we are and where we are going. International Journal of Information Management, 37(4), 241-249.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., Papadopoulos, T., Hazen, B., Giannakis, M., & Roubaud, D. (2017). Examining the effect of external pressures and organizational culture on shaping performance measurement systems (PMS) for sustainability benchmarking: Some empirical findings. International Journal of Production Economics, 193, 63-76.
- How to conceptualise a theoretical framework?
- How to build research hypotheses? (please do not specify significance level in each hypothesis. Instead build arguments in support of each hypothesis. Simply, outlining hypothesis suggest a poor understanding of empirical research.
- Instead of research methodology, rewrite as research methods. You are not building theory arounds research method. Instead discuss how you have operationalised your constructs used in your study. Moreover, discuss how you have gathered data and checked non-response bias using Armstrong and Overton (1977) wave analysis. For better understanding, I suggest authors to read some important articles as:
Chen, I. J., & Paulraj, A. (2004). Towards a theory of supply chain management: the constructs and measurements. Journal of operations management, 22(2), 119-150.
Brandon‐Jones, E., Squire, B., Autry, C. W., & Petersen, K. J. (2014). A contingent resource‐based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(3), 55-73.
Srinivasan, R., & Swink, M. (2018). An investigation of visibility and flexibility as complements to supply chain analytics: An organizational information processing theory perspective. Production and Operations Management, 27(10), 1849-1867.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., Blome, C., & Papadopoulos, T. (2019). Big data and predictive analytics and manufacturing performance: integrating institutional theory, resource-based view and big data culture. British Journal of Management, 30(2), 341-361.
Well all these papers may not help to strengthen the arguments related to hypotheses development. However, when it comes to empirical study and testing hypotheses using cross-sectional data using survey based instrument, I believe these suggested articles will help address your all queries. You should read these articles published in reputable empirical Journals and will help to master the research design and data analyses techniques.
Thank you indeed, we followed your suggestion and we took into consideration the following references that fit our study:
Chen, I. J., & Paulraj, A. (2004). Towards a theory of supply chain management: the constructs and measurements. Journal of operations management, 22(2), 119-150.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., Blome, C., & Papadopoulos, T. (2019). Big data and predictive analytics and manufacturing performance: integrating institutional theory, resource-based view and big data culture. British Journal of Management, 30(2), 341-361.
- Data Analyses
As I suggested that data analyses is quite obsolete. Before moving to research hypotheses testing, you have to assess validity of the constructs, test goodness of fit and further test whether data is free from common method bias (CMB). I believe the current study lack all these important analyses. I am sure reading of suggested articles will guide how to deal with these issues and build a strong arguments.
Thank you indeed, we followed your suggestion and we added the needed tables:
4.4. Goodness-of-fit Statistics
The correlation coefficients were positive and significant at the 0.05 level for all variable pairings. Table 3 provides a summary of the goodness-of-fit statistics and all of the indices fall within the recommended ranges, which support a claim of good fit for the model. In particular, the relative normed χ2 value of 2.423 is less than the recommended maximum value of 3.00 (Bagozzi et al., 1998), which represents a good fit.
Table 3: Model Fit indices
|
Indicator |
Recommended value |
Value |
|
χ2 |
P ⩽0.05 |
P = 0.000 |
|
RMSEA |
⩽ 0.08 |
0.062 |
|
GFI |
⩾ 0.90 |
0.909 |
|
AGFI |
⩾ 0.90 |
0.853 |
|
NFI |
⩾ 0.90 |
0.906 |
|
IFI |
⩾ 0.90 |
0.927 |
|
CFI |
⩾ 0.90 |
0.926 |
|
Normed χ2 |
1-2 |
1.423 |
The RMSEA value of 0.062, which is below the recommended maximum of 0.080 suggested by Browne et al. (1993), also suggests that the measurement model fits well. The GFI value of 0.909 and the AGFI value of 0.853 are both acceptable according to Byrne (2001). This research also used IFI and CFI to measure the goodness-of-fit of the models; the IFI (0.927) and CFI (0.926) index values for the measurement model both exceed the recommended level of 0.900 (Byrne, 2001), which suggests adequate fit of the model (Hu and Bentler, 1999). The NFI value of 0.906 also suggests a reasonable fit.
- Discussion section
I think the section needs further expansion. I believe reading of suggested articles will surely help to improve the research skills.
I hope you and your team will find these inputs quite useful to develop the current study and future studies also. Thank you, we followed your suggestion.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 2 Report
Dear authors,
Very good paper, but still, please describe the structure of the questionnaire, to be more explicit.
best wishes
Author Response
2
Review Report Form
Open Review
(x) I would not like to sign my review report
( ) I would like to sign my review report
English language and style
( ) Extensive editing of English language and style required
( ) Moderate English changes required
( ) English language and style are fine/minor spell check required
(x) I don't feel qualified to judge about the English language and style
Comments and Suggestions for Authors
Dear authors,
Very good paper, but still, please describe the structure of the questionnaire, to be more explicit.
Thank you, we followed your suggestion. We added the following paragraph and table with its clarifications:
Indeed, the research measures were adapted from Launiala (2009) and Bano et al. (2013). The responses of the study sample were distributed according to a 5-point Likert-type scale, which indicates the extent of a respondent's agreement with the questionnaire statements (5 = Strongly agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = No strong opinion, 2 = Disagree, and 1 = Strongly disagree).
Table 6: Mean and Standard Deviations of Research Items
|
Variables |
Mean |
Standard deviation |
Importance |
Ranks |
|
Knowledge: Have a good knowledge about |
||||
|
Green fashion concept |
4.10 |
.692 |
High |
1 |
|
Recycling |
3.78 |
.853 |
High |
5 |
|
Electricity consumption |
3.81 |
1.017 |
High |
3 |
|
Government regulation about CO2 emission and pollution of nature and non-biodegradable materials |
3.74 |
1.027 |
High |
8 |
|
Going green innovation will give your company sustainable competitive advantage |
3.78 |
.939 |
High |
6 |
|
Water and soil pollution from toxic chemicals used to produce and dye fabrics have serious consequences for communities located near production sites |
3.77 |
1.003 |
High |
7 |
|
Green machines and equipment for assembly line that is environmentally-friendly |
3.80 |
1.040 |
High |
4 |
|
Green raw materials that is contains organic components and decompose safely |
3.86 |
.880 |
High |
2 |
|
Attitude: I prefer to |
||||
|
Be a pioneer in green fashion innovation |
3.89 |
.893 |
High |
4 |
|
Have the awareness of green and innovative ideas to save the environment and atmosphere |
3.92 |
.907 |
High |
3 |
|
Have special chimneys and solar energy to minimize environmental pollution |
3.77 |
.967 |
High |
8 |
|
Use innovative ways to get rid of materials resulting from the manufacturing process |
3.89 |
.921 |
High |
5 |
|
Be a pioneer in using green ways in designs, transportation, manufacturing, distribution and wasting management |
3.81 |
.944 |
High |
7 |
|
Have green equipment in the manufacturing process to save the environment |
3.82 |
.928 |
High |
6 |
|
Use organic raw materials to nurture the environment instead of using synthetic fibers and concentrated cotton generation |
4.47 |
.523 |
High |
1 |
|
Make recycling of the vintage clothes and remaining fabrics |
4.32 |
.618 |
High |
2 |
|
Practice: Our practices |
||||
|
Train employees for better environmental performance |
1.60 |
.545 |
low |
14 |
|
Have visible communication about green practices |
1.60 |
.578 |
low |
15 |
|
Participate in environmental campaigns |
1.67 |
.563 |
low |
9 |
|
Use solar energy resources as a substitute for the electricity in intermittent use areas |
1.66 |
.550 |
low |
12 |
|
Establish system for prompt disposal of packaging materials and crates to reduce wastage |
1.75 |
.595 |
low |
4 |
|
Establish active recycling program for materials in all sections of the factory |
1.69 |
.568 |
low |
8 |
|
Utilize environmentally responsible cleaners throughout the property |
1.79 |
.577 |
low |
3 |
|
Having energy-saving bulbs in all rooms |
1.74 |
.576 |
low |
5 |
|
Put green labels information on each product |
1.67 |
.576 |
low |
10 |
|
Provide environmentally friendly products (i.e. low toxicity, organic or locally grown\made) |
1.73 |
.620 |
low |
6 |
|
Encourage business with environmentally friendly service providers |
1.73 |
.640 |
low |
7 |
|
During the transport process, unleaded fuel is used |
1.67 |
.623 |
low |
11 |
|
Using green ideas while design garments |
1.63 |
.630 |
low |
13 |
|
Using green raw materials (i.e. low toxicity, organic or locally grown\made) in production |
2.00 |
.702 |
low |
1 |
|
Having wasting management in the company to recycle materials resulting from the manufacturing process |
1.94 |
.691 |
low |
2 |
|
Green Fashion Innovation: We adopt the Green Fashion Innovation to |
||||
|
Reduce institutional pressure (e.g. Ministry of Environment) |
2.80 |
1.040 |
Medium |
4 |
|
Consideration of future consequence |
2.86 |
.880 |
Medium |
3 |
|
Build relative advantage |
2.89 |
.893 |
Medium |
2 |
|
Improve economic performance |
2.92 |
.907 |
Medium |
1 |
|
Improve environment performance |
1.74 |
1.027 |
Low |
7 |
|
Achieve social responsibility. |
1.78 |
.939 |
Low |
5 |
|
Reach market satisfaction. |
1.77 |
1.003 |
Low |
6 |
Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Knowledge" ranged from (3.74- 4.10), the first being statement (1), which states: "Our company have a good knowledge about green fashion concept" with an average of 4.10 and a high rating, while the last statement (4), which stated "Our company have a good knowledge about government regulation of CO2 emission and pollution of nature and non-biodegradable materials " with an average of 3.74 and a high rating". Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Attitude" ranged from (3.77- 4.47), the first being statement (15), which states: "I prefer to use organic raw materials to nurture the environment instead of using synthetic fibers and concentrated cotton generation" with an average of 4.47 and a high rating, while the last statement (11), which stated "I like to have special chimneys and solar energy to minimize environmental pollution" with an average of 3.77 and a high rating. Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Practice" ranged from (1.60- 2.00), the first being statement (30), which states: "Our company is using green raw materials (i.e. low toxicity, organic or locally grown\made) in production" with an average of 2.00 and a low rating. While last statements (17, 18), which stated, "Our company trains employees for better environmental performance" and "Our company has a visible communication about green practices" with an average of 1.60 and a low rating. Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Green Fashion Innovation Adoption" ranged from (1.74- 2.92), the first being statement (35), which states: "We adopt the green fashion innovation to improve economic performance" with an average of 2.92 and a medium rating. While the last statement (36), which stated "We adopt the green fashion innovation to improve environment performance" with an average of 1.74 and a low rating.
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 3 Report
The study examines the impact of KAP on the adoption of green fashion innovation in garment companies of Jordan. The findings of the study revealed statistically significant influences of knowledge and attitude on green fashion innovation adoption but no statistically significant impact of practice on green fashion innovation adoption.
Suggestions for the study include:
- The study may discuss more for the rationale of choosing the garment industry of Jordan. Why is it important to study this industry?
- For each of the propositions, the paper has demonstrated the relevant review of the literature and citations. However, the study does not disclose how dependent and independent variables are measured. Questionnaire items are suggested to disclose so that readers can understand how these questions are designed for measurement.
Author Response
3 Review Report Form
Open Review
(x) I would not like to sign my review report
( ) I would like to sign my review report
English language and style
( ) Extensive editing of English language and style required
( ) Moderate English changes required
(x) English language and style are fine/minor spell check required
( ) I don't feel qualified to judge about the English language and style
|
Yes |
Can be improved |
Must be improved |
Not applicable |
|
|
Does the introduction provide sufficient background and include all relevant references? |
( ) |
(x) |
( ) |
( ) |
|
Is the research design appropriate? |
(x) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
|
Are the methods adequately described? |
( ) |
(x) |
( ) |
( ) |
|
Are the results clearly presented? |
(x) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
|
Are the conclusions supported by the results? |
( ) |
(x) |
( ) |
( ) |
Comments and Suggestions for Authors
The study examines the impact of KAP on the adoption of green fashion innovation in garment companies of Jordan. The findings of the study revealed statistically significant influences of knowledge and attitude on green fashion innovation adoption but no statistically significant impact of practice on green fashion innovation adoption.
Suggestions for the study include:
- The study may discuss more for the rationale of choosing the garment industry of Jordan. Why is it important to study this industry?
In the introduction section.
The garment industry in Jordan has expanded rapidly in the recent years, also the percentage of workers in the garment sector who are Jordanian about 20 percent. Moreover, high percentage of Jordanian with low educational attainment are going toward garment industry. The industry has enjoyed enormous growth since 1996 when garments manufactured in Jordan were first granted preferential duty free and quota free access to the United States. The garment industry typically has its biggest economic impact in developing countries transitioning from an agrarian society to low-level manufacturing (Neak and Robertson, 2009). Furthermore, garment sector has attracted Jordanian female labor forces.
- For each of the propositions, the paper has demonstrated the relevant review of the literature and citations. However, the study does not disclose how dependent and independent variables are measured. Questionnaire items are suggested to disclose so that readers can understand how these questions are designed for measurement.
Thank you, we followed your suggestion. We added the following paragraph and table with its clarifications:
This study explored the impact of KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) on the adoption of green fashion innovation. This study builds its model on the previous literatures of (Sarkis et al., 2011), (Zhu et al., 2011), (Zhu and Sarkis, 2004), (Zhu and Sarkis, 2007), (Dubey et al., 2015), (de Camargo Fiorini and Jabbour, 2017), and (Dubey et al., 2017). According to Sarkis et al., (2011) green supply chain management (GSCM) has gained increasing attention in the recent years. Green supply chain management (GSCM) has become an emergent ecological modernization tool. Also, ecological modernization at the society level is influenced by restructuring policies and regulations. Some of these policies and regulations are focusing on enhancing energy savings and pollution reduction which it supports the KAP model (Zhu et al., 2011). A study conducted by Zhu and Sarkis (2004) which they support green movement in the supply chain management. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is emerging to be an important approach to improve their environmental performance.
The model in Figure 1 shows the dependent and independent variables and the main and sub hypotheses as mentioned in the literature review.
Indeed, the research measures were adapted from Launiala (2009) and Bano et al. (2013). The responses of the study sample were distributed according to a 5-point Likert-type scale, which indicates the extent of a respondent's agreement with the questionnaire statements (5 = Strongly agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = No strong opinion, 2 = Disagree, and 1 = Strongly disagree).
- Table 6: Mean and Standard Deviations of Research Items
|
Variables |
Mean |
Standard deviation |
Importance |
Ranks |
|
Knowledge: Have a good knowledge about |
||||
|
Green fashion concept |
4.10 |
.692 |
High |
1 |
|
Recycling |
3.78 |
.853 |
High |
5 |
|
Electricity consumption |
3.81 |
1.017 |
High |
3 |
|
Government regulation about CO2 emission and pollution of nature and non-biodegradable materials |
3.74 |
1.027 |
High |
8 |
|
Going green innovation will give your company sustainable competitive advantage |
3.78 |
.939 |
High |
6 |
|
Water and soil pollution from toxic chemicals used to produce and dye fabrics have serious consequences for communities located near production sites |
3.77 |
1.003 |
High |
7 |
|
Green machines and equipment for assembly line that is environmentally-friendly |
3.80 |
1.040 |
High |
4 |
|
Green raw materials that is contains organic components and decompose safely |
3.86 |
.880 |
High |
2 |
|
Attitude: I prefer to |
||||
|
Be a pioneer in green fashion innovation |
3.89 |
.893 |
High |
4 |
|
Have the awareness of green and innovative ideas to save the environment and atmosphere |
3.92 |
.907 |
High |
3 |
|
Have special chimneys and solar energy to minimize environmental pollution |
3.77 |
.967 |
High |
8 |
|
Use innovative ways to get rid of materials resulting from the manufacturing process |
3.89 |
.921 |
High |
5 |
|
Be a pioneer in using green ways in designs, transportation, manufacturing, distribution and wasting management |
3.81 |
.944 |
High |
7 |
|
Have green equipment in the manufacturing process to save the environment |
3.82 |
.928 |
High |
6 |
|
Use organic raw materials to nurture the environment instead of using synthetic fibers and concentrated cotton generation |
4.47 |
.523 |
High |
1 |
|
Make recycling of the vintage clothes and remaining fabrics |
4.32 |
.618 |
High |
2 |
|
Practice: Our practices |
||||
|
Train employees for better environmental performance |
1.60 |
.545 |
low |
14 |
|
Have visible communication about green practices |
1.60 |
.578 |
low |
15 |
|
Participate in environmental campaigns |
1.67 |
.563 |
low |
9 |
|
Use solar energy resources as a substitute for the electricity in intermittent use areas |
1.66 |
.550 |
low |
12 |
|
Establish system for prompt disposal of packaging materials and crates to reduce wastage |
1.75 |
.595 |
low |
4 |
|
Establish active recycling program for materials in all sections of the factory |
1.69 |
.568 |
low |
8 |
|
Utilize environmentally responsible cleaners throughout the property |
1.79 |
.577 |
low |
3 |
|
Having energy-saving bulbs in all rooms |
1.74 |
.576 |
low |
5 |
|
Put green labels information on each product |
1.67 |
.576 |
low |
10 |
|
Provide environmentally friendly products (i.e. low toxicity, organic or locally grown\made) |
1.73 |
.620 |
low |
6 |
|
Encourage business with environmentally friendly service providers |
1.73 |
.640 |
low |
7 |
|
During the transport process, unleaded fuel is used |
1.67 |
.623 |
low |
11 |
|
Using green ideas while design garments |
1.63 |
.630 |
low |
13 |
|
Using green raw materials (i.e. low toxicity, organic or locally grown\made) in production |
2.00 |
.702 |
low |
1 |
|
Having wasting management in the company to recycle materials resulting from the manufacturing process |
1.94 |
.691 |
low |
2 |
|
Green Fashion Innovation: We adopt the Green Fashion Innovation to |
||||
|
Reduce institutional pressure (e.g. Ministry of Environment) |
2.80 |
1.040 |
Medium |
4 |
|
Consideration of future consequence |
2.86 |
.880 |
Medium |
3 |
|
Build relative advantage |
2.89 |
.893 |
Medium |
2 |
|
Improve economic performance |
2.92 |
.907 |
Medium |
1 |
|
Improve environment performance |
1.74 |
1.027 |
Low |
7 |
|
Achieve social responsibility. |
1.78 |
.939 |
Low |
5 |
|
Reach market satisfaction. |
1.77 |
1.003 |
Low |
6 |
Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Knowledge" ranged from (3.74- 4.10), the first being statement (1), which states: "Our company have a good knowledge about green fashion concept" with an average of 4.10 and a high rating, while the last statement (4), which stated "Our company have a good knowledge about government regulation of CO2 emission and pollution of nature and non-biodegradable materials " with an average of 3.74 and a high rating". Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Attitude" ranged from (3.77- 4.47), the first being statement (15), which states: "I prefer to use organic raw materials to nurture the environment instead of using synthetic fibers and concentrated cotton generation" with an average of 4.47 and a high rating, while the last statement (11), which stated "I like to have special chimneys and solar energy to minimize environmental pollution" with an average of 3.77 and a high rating. Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Practice" ranged from (1.60- 2.00), the first being statement (30), which states: "Our company is using green raw materials (i.e. low toxicity, organic or locally grown\made) in production" with an average of 2.00 and a low rating. While last statements (17, 18), which stated, "Our company trains employees for better environmental performance" and "Our company has a visible communication about green practices" with an average of 1.60 and a low rating. Table 6 shows that averages of respondents' answers to the "Green Fashion Innovation Adoption" ranged from (1.74- 2.92), the first being statement (35), which states: "We adopt the green fashion innovation to improve economic performance" with an average of 2.92 and a medium rating. While the last statement (36), which stated "We adopt the green fashion innovation to improve environment performance" with an average of 1.74 and a low rating.
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
Dear Authors,
I really appreciate your efforts to undertake high quality revision. The revised version is a far better version. Authors have now clearly explained the rationale behind theoretical framing, hypotheses formulation, research design, data collection and data analysis.
I am glad that authors have compared there findings with extant literature. Overall, I believe the manuscript is ready for publication.
Author Response
Thanks very much
