Elderly Customers’ Open Innovation on Smart Retirement Village: What They Want and What Drive Their Intention to Relocate?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Open Innovation Dynamics, Open Innovation Culture, and Sustainability
2.2. Customer Involvement into Open Innovation Processes
2.3. Retirement Village (RV)
2.4. Smart Home Technology
2.5. Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioural Control
2.6. Proposed Framework
3. Method
4. Results
4.1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
4.2. Descriptive Analysis of the Types of Smart Home Technology Preferred by the Elderly
4.3. Factor Analysis
4.4. Multiple Regression Analysis
5. Discussion
5.1. The Intention and Relocation of Smart Retirement Village
5.2. Customer Open Innovation Contribution towards Smart Retirement Village
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Categories | Types of Smart Home Technology |
---|---|
Lifestyle support | Smart lighting: Automated lighting devices which connect to phone and voice automation to control lighting brightness and lighting schedules |
Smart displays: Smart TV and smart screens which connect to WIFI, applications and phones to allow video calls and entertainment | |
Smart alarms: Different wake up sounds for different days | |
Smart kitchen appliances: Microwaves, ovens and refrigerators that can be connected to phones with LED touchscreen displays and sensors | |
Smart audio devices: Smart speakers to control and play songs through phones | |
Smart window blinds: Automatically open and close window blinds with phones or buttons | |
Healthcare | Smart emergency contact systems: Wearable electronic devices that include fall alerts and basic medical information (ECG stats, heart rates, blood type etc) |
Smart medication assistance: Automatic pill dispensers, sensor pads located underneath medication bottles to monitor when and if medications are taken | |
Safety | Safety and home security devices: Home security camera, CCTVs, smart fingerprint door locks |
Smart gas detector: Detect smoke and carbon monoxide |
Appendix B
Items | Items |
---|---|
ATT1 | Smart Retirement Village is a good idea |
ATT2 | Smart Retirement Village is a wise idea |
ATT3 | I like the idea of Smart Retirement Village |
ATT4 | Smart Retirement Village would be pleasant |
ATT5 | Smart Retirement Village is appealing |
SN1 | Most people who are important to me think I should relocate to the Smart Retirement Village |
SN2 | Most people who are important to me would want me to relocate to the Smart Retirement Village |
SN3 | People whose opinions I value would prefer that I relocate to the Smart Retirement Village |
PBC1 | Whether or not I relocate to the Smart Retirement Village is completely up to me |
PBC2 | I am confident that if I want, I can relocate to a Smart Retirement Village |
INT1 | The probability that I will relocate into Smart Retirement Village is very high |
INT2 | I am willing to move into the Smart Retirement Village in the near future |
INT3 | I will consider to move in the Smart Retirement Village |
INT4 | I would like to recommend others to move into Smart Retirement Village |
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No. | Authors | INT | ATT | SN | PBC | Sample | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Lu [53] | Intention to continue working | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | Not included | Elderly | Taiwan |
2. | Ahmad et al. [52] | Intention to exercise | ATT→INT * (among men) | SN→INT * (among women) | PBC→INT * (among men) | Elderly | Malaysia |
3. | Gazali et al. [51] | Intention to save for retirement | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | Not included | Non-elderly | Malaysia |
4. | Valois et al. [50] | Intention to adapt heat | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | PBC→INT * | Elderly | Canada |
5. | Duarte et al. [49] | Intention to perform physical activity | ATT→INT * | SN→INT (NOT *) | PBC→INT * | Elderly | Portugal |
6. | Callow et al. [48] | intention to practice social distancing in the near future | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | PBC→INT (NOT *) | Elderly | Maryland, US State |
7. | Luo et al. [55] | Intention to enrol in nursing homes | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | Not included | Elderly | China |
8. | Ng, K.T. [5] | Intention to move to the RV | ATT→INT (NOT *) | SN→INT * | PBC→INT * | Elderly | Malaysia |
9. | Ng, S.I. [6] | Intention to move to the RV | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | PBC→INT * | Elderly | Malaysia |
10. | Sritharan et al. [7] | Intention to move to the RV | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | PBC→INT (NOT *) | Elderly | Malaysia |
11. | Judge et al. [54] | Intention to purchase sustainable housing | ATT→INT * | SN→INT * | PBC→INT * | Non-elderly | Australia |
12. | Lim et al. [4] | Intention to move to the sustainable RV | ATT→INT * | Not included | Not included | Elderly | Malaysia |
13. | Park et al. [56] | Intention to use the smart home services | ATT→INT * | Not included | Not included | Non-elderly | Korea |
14. | Pal et al. [42] | Intention to adopt smart home services | ATT→INT * | Not included | Not included | Elderly | Thailand |
15. | Ferdhany and Aldianto [57] | Intention to use the smart home products | ATT→INT * | Not included | Not included | Non-elderly | Indonesia |
16. | Tsai [58] | Intention to use smart clothing | ATT→INT * (elderly without cardiovascular disease) ATT→INT (NOT * for elderly with cardiovascular disease) | Not included | Not included | Elderly | Taiwan |
Categories | Types of Smart Home Technology | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Lifestyle support | Smart lighting
| 129 | 42.3% |
Smart displays
| 183 | 60.3% | |
Smart alarms
| 76 | 24.9% | |
Smart kitchen appliances
| 161 | 52.8% | |
Smart audio devices
| 121 | 39.7% | |
Smart window blinds
| 68 | 22.3% | |
Healthcare | Smart emergency contact systems
| 253 | 83% |
Smart medication assistance
| 145 | 47.5% | |
Safety | Safety and home security devices
| 239 | 78.4% |
Smart gas detector
| 137 | 44.9% |
Items | ATT | SN | PBC | INT | Cronbach Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATT1 | 0.762 | 0.852 | |||
ATT2 | 0.764 | ||||
ATT3 | 0.714 | ||||
ATT4 | 0.773 | ||||
ATT5 | 0.658 | ||||
SN1 | 0.892 | 0.856 | |||
SN2 | 0.849 | ||||
SN3 | 0.755 | ||||
PBC1 | 0.896 | 0.913 | |||
PBC2 | 0.890 | ||||
INT1 | 0.751 | 0.802 | |||
INT2 | 0.768 | ||||
INT3 | 0.656 | ||||
INT4 | 0.665 |
Dependent Variable: Intention to Relocate to the SRV | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standardized Coefficient (beta) | t-Value | Significance | Tolerance | VIF | |
Constant | 3.463 | 0.001 | |||
ATT | 0.487 | 9.834 | 0.000 | 0.731 | 1.369 |
SN | 0.216 | 4.476 | 0.000 | 0.768 | 1.303 |
PBC | 0.120 | 2.419 | 0.016 | 0.726 | 1.377 |
R2 = 0.460 Adjusted R2 = 0.455 | F value = 85.586 | Significance = 0.000 |
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Tan, B.C.; Lau, T.C.; Khan, N.; Tan, W.H.; Ooi, C.P. Elderly Customers’ Open Innovation on Smart Retirement Village: What They Want and What Drive Their Intention to Relocate? J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040207
Tan BC, Lau TC, Khan N, Tan WH, Ooi CP. Elderly Customers’ Open Innovation on Smart Retirement Village: What They Want and What Drive Their Intention to Relocate? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7(4):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040207
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Booi Chen, Teck Chai Lau, Nasreen Khan, Wooi Haw Tan, and Chee Pun Ooi. 2021. "Elderly Customers’ Open Innovation on Smart Retirement Village: What They Want and What Drive Their Intention to Relocate?" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 4: 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040207