Detecting the Spatial Association between Commercial Sites and Residences in Beijing on the Basis of the Colocation Quotient
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Spatial Association of Commercial and Residential Spaces
2.2. Chinese Context
3. Study Area, Data, and Methodology
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Data
3.3. Methodology
4. Global Characteristics of the Spatial Associations between Commercial Sites and Residences
5. Local Characteristics of the Spatial Associations between Commercial Sites and Residences
5.1. Spatial Association Pattern of Commercial Sites and Residences
5.2. Spatial Association Patterns of Various Commercial Formats and Residences
5.2.1. Local Characteristics of Residences Attracted by Various Commercial Formats
5.2.2. Local Characteristics of Various Commercial Formats Attracted by Residences
6. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Commercial Formats | POI Subcategories | Number | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Convenience store | 15,624 | 6.63% | |
Recreation and leisure service | Karaoke television (KTV), bowling alleys, fishing parks, movie theaters, ski resorts, golf-related, fitness centers, game centers, skating rinks, agritainment, amusement parks, multipurpose sports stadiums | 23,361 | 9.92% |
Supermarket | 7202 | 3.06% | |
Farmers’ market | 8542 | 3.63% | |
Catering service | Chinese restaurant, fast food restaurant, tea house, cafe, bakery, foreign restaurant, hot pot restaurant | 97,198 | 41.26% |
Life service | Beauty salon, bath and massage, logistics and express delivery, laundry, telecommunication business hall, photography and printing, post office | 43,144 | 18.32% |
Specialty store | Personal goods store, sporting goods store, cultural goods stores, clothing, shoes, hat, and leather goods store | 38,838 | 16.49% |
Shopping mall | 882 | 0.37% | |
Home appliance and electronics store | 457 | 0.19% | |
Home building material market | Fabric market, lamp and porcelain market, home building material market | 301 | 0.13% |
Residence | Housing Price (Yuan/m2) | Number | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Low-grade residence (LR) | 10,031–61,310 | 4093 | 53.73 |
Middle-grade residence (MR) | 61,310–106,556 | 2686 | 35.26 |
High-grade residence (HR) | 106,556–280,994 | 839 | 11.01 |
GCLQ | R→Ci | HR→Ci | MR→Ci | LR→Ci | Ci→R | Ci→HR | Ci→MR | Ci→LR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Convenience store | 0.84 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.85 | 0.9 | 0.75 | 0.7 | 0.93 |
Recreation and leisure service | 0.86 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.92 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.9 |
Supermarket | 0.81 | 0.43 | 0.59 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.47 | 0.61 | 0.87 |
Farmers’ market | 0.82 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.76 |
Catering service | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.94 |
Life service | 0.96 | 0.82 | 0.9 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.91 |
Specialty store | 0.96 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.68 |
Shopping mall | 0.75 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.75 | 0.3 | 0.43 | 0.5 |
Home appliance and electronics store | 0.52 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.65 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.44 |
Home building material market | 0.62 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.51 | 0.66 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.47 |
Whole City (%) | Core Area (%) | Central Area (%) | Inner Suburbs (%) | Outer Suburbs (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | |
Residences | 20.35 | 68.29 | 8.61 | 78.07 | 21.58 | 70.01 | 22.92 | 62.77 | 41.16 | 38.27 |
Commercial Formats | Whole City (%) | Core Area (%) | Central Area (%) | Inner Suburbs (%) | Outer Suburbs (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | |
Convenience store | 16.11 | 12.43 | 3.68 | 5.89 | 7.94 | 11.24 | 34.05 | 20.21 | 55.23 | 2.17 |
Recreation and leisure service | 11.71 | 19.73 | 2.06 | 5.52 | 12.22 | 25.19 | 11.13 | 21.30 | 56.32 | 1.08 |
Supermarket | 19.75 | 9.14 | 2.94 | 1.84 | 15.65 | 10.21 | 33.52 | 13.03 | 54.87 | 0.36 |
Farmers’ market | 17.40 | 7.43 | 4.86 | 4.56 | 12.66 | 6.94 | 29.39 | 10.22 | 54.15 | 7.22 |
Catering service | 25.77 | 49.99 | 8.76 | 53.20 | 28.42 | 51.96 | 29.34 | 48.03 | 45.13 | 21.66 |
Life service | 29.05 | 32.68 | 5.00 | 14.79 | 30.66 | 39.01 | 38.23 | 36.76 | 54.87 | 0.72 |
Specialty store | 25.46 | 23.24 | 20.01 | 21.85 | 24.78 | 27.13 | 28.01 | 36.89 | 42.24 | 4.69 |
Shopping mall | 19.90 | 1.23 | 16.41 | 1.47 | 21.20 | 1.39 | 19.35 | 0.95 | 23.10 | 0.00 |
Home appliance and electronics store | 6.89 | 0.17 | 3.68 | 0.07 | 6.01 | 0.23 | 9.32 | 0.10 | 16.61 | 0.36 |
Home building material market | 7.02 | 0.14 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 6.65 | 0.15 | 9.94 | 0.24 | 20.22 | 0.00 |
Commercial Formats | Whole City (%) | Core Area (%) | Central Area (%) | Inner Suburbs (%) | Outer Suburbs (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | >1 | 0.9–1 | |
Convenience store | 38.92 | 4.64 | 82.33 | 7.69 | 63.43 | 6.08 | 23.02 | 4.42 | 4.76 | 0.82 |
Recreation and leisure service | 44.73 | 5.06 | 88.54 | 6.87 | 64.71 | 8.32 | 44.06 | 4.6 | 3.14 | 0.24 |
Supermarket | 31.99 | 6.79 | 84.53 | 27.21 | 44.44 | 8.68 | 18.07 | 6.16 | 8.62 | 3.16 |
Farmers’ market | 26.85 | 11.27 | 66.76 | 8.76 | 40.72 | 6.95 | 22.24 | 6.9 | 4.17 | 0.91 |
Catering service | 25.22 | 11.15 | 57.12 | 5.34 | 33.54 | 5.46 | 5.39 | 24.66 | 10.5 | 0.31 |
Life service | 32.34 | 5.49 | 77.45 | 4.62 | 34.24 | 6.43 | 22.62 | 5.51 | 12.02 | 0.18 |
Specialty store | 25.05 | 4.09 | 24.59 | 3.34 | 27.7 | 5.42 | 24.77 | 3.24 | 10.03 | 0.28 |
Shopping mall | 25.85 | 0 | 37.39 | 0 | 26.89 | 0 | 23.08 | 0 | 8.77 | 0 |
Home appliance and electronics store | 27.35 | 3.5 | 25 | 2.5 | 27.59 | 2.46 | 30 | 4.71 | 18.18 | 4.55 |
Home building material market | 12.96 | 2.99 | 100 | 0 | 6.95 | 2.67 | 22.35 | 3.53 | 18.52 | 3.7 |
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Zhou, L.; Wang, C. Detecting the Spatial Association between Commercial Sites and Residences in Beijing on the Basis of the Colocation Quotient. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2024, 13, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13010007
Zhou L, Wang C. Detecting the Spatial Association between Commercial Sites and Residences in Beijing on the Basis of the Colocation Quotient. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2024; 13(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Lei, and Chen Wang. 2024. "Detecting the Spatial Association between Commercial Sites and Residences in Beijing on the Basis of the Colocation Quotient" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13010007
APA StyleZhou, L., & Wang, C. (2024). Detecting the Spatial Association between Commercial Sites and Residences in Beijing on the Basis of the Colocation Quotient. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 13(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13010007