Bioaugmentation Improves Phytoprotection in Halimione portulacoides Exposed to Mild Salt Stress: Perspectives for Salinity Tolerance Improvement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Photochemical Processes
2.2. Na, K, Ca and Cl Accumulation in Leaf, Stem, and Root Tissues
2.3. Photosynthetic Pigments Profile
2.4. Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities
2.5. Proline Quantification
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sampling Sites and Plant Material Collection
4.2. Rhizobacteria Used for Inoculation in This Study
4.3. Preparation of Bacterial Inoculants
4.4. Experimental Setup and Root Inoculation
4.5. Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) Fluorometry
4.6. Ion Analysis
4.7. Pigment Profiling
4.8. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
4.9. Proline Quantification
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant-Growth Promoting Traits | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacterial Strains | Sampling Site | Limit Salt Tolerance (mM) | P-Solubilization | Siderophore | ACC Deaminase (nm mg−1 h−1) | IAA (µg mL−1) | N-Fixation | EPS (OD540) |
Bacillus aryabhattai SP20 | Horta dos Peixinhos, Portugal | 856 | + | + | − | − | − | 0.80 ± 0.01 |
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila EH7 | Horta dos Peixinhos, Portugal | 856 | + | + | - | 15.02 ± 0.31 | + | − |
Pseudomonas oryzihabitans RL18 | Tagus Estuary, Portugal | 1711 | + | + | +* (26.9 ± 14.13) | 39.55 ± 1.01 | − | 0.40 ± 0.01 |
Salinicola endophyticus EL13 | Tagus Estuary, Portugal | 1711 | + | + | +* | 71.35 ± 6.86 | − | 0.54 ± 0.01 |
Ψ0/(1 − Ψ0) | Contribution of the dark reactions from quinone A to plastoquinone |
ΨEo/(1 − ΨEo) | The equilibrium constant for the redox reactions between PS II and PS I |
RC/ABS | Reaction centre II density within the antenna chlorophyll bed of PS II |
TR0/DI0 | Contribution or partial performance due to the light reactions for primary photochemistry |
SFI | Structure functional index for photosynthesis |
SFI (NO) | Non-photosynthetic or dissipation structure functional index |
ABS/CS | Absorbed energy flux per cross-section |
TR/CS | Trapped energy flux per cross-section |
ET/CS | Electron transport energy flux per cross-section |
DI/CS | Dissipated energy flux per cross-section |
RC/CS | The number of available reaction centres per cross-section |
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Carreiras, J.; Caçador, I.; Duarte, B. Bioaugmentation Improves Phytoprotection in Halimione portulacoides Exposed to Mild Salt Stress: Perspectives for Salinity Tolerance Improvement. Plants 2022, 11, 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11081055
Carreiras J, Caçador I, Duarte B. Bioaugmentation Improves Phytoprotection in Halimione portulacoides Exposed to Mild Salt Stress: Perspectives for Salinity Tolerance Improvement. Plants. 2022; 11(8):1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11081055
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarreiras, João, Isabel Caçador, and Bernardo Duarte. 2022. "Bioaugmentation Improves Phytoprotection in Halimione portulacoides Exposed to Mild Salt Stress: Perspectives for Salinity Tolerance Improvement" Plants 11, no. 8: 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11081055