Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a Potential Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Bionematicide for the Control of Argentinean Horticultural Crops
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Plant Material
2.3. Extracts and Essential Oil
2.3.1. Z. punctata Decoction (ZpDe)
2.3.2. Z. punctata Orange-Yellow Resin (ZpRe)
2.3.3. Essential Oil Extraction and Chemical Analysis
2.4. Nematode Populations
2.5. Nematicidal Assay
2.6. UHPLC Analysis of ZpDe and ZpRe
2.6.1. Ultrahigh-Resolution Liquid Chromatography Analysis of ZpDe (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS)
2.6.2. UHPLC–PDA-OT-MS Analysis of the ZpRe
UHPLC–DAD–MS Instrument
LC Parameters and MS Parameters
2.7. Determination of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Content of ZeDe
2.8. Antioxidant Activity
2.8.1. Radical Scavenging Capacity Assay of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
2.8.2. Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP)
2.8.3. Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Activity Assay (TEAC)
2.8.4. Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation in Erythrocytes
2.9. Antibacterial Activity
2.9.1. Microorganisms
2.9.2. Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing
2.9.3. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Composition
3.1.1. UHPLC-q-TOF-ESI-MSn Analysis of ZeDe
3.1.2. UHPLC–PDA-OT-MS Analysis of the Zuccagnia punctata Resin (ZpRe)
3.1.3. Z. punctata Essential Oil Composition (ZpEO)
3.2. Nematicidal Activity
3.2.1. Nematicidal Activity of ZpDe
3.2.2. Nematicidal Activity of ZpRe, Bioactive Sephadex LH-20 Fraction 5-8 and Chalcones
3.2.3. Nematicidal Effect of ZpEO and Their Hydrosol ZpEOH
3.3. Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Contents and Antioxidant Activity of ZpDe
3.4. Antimicrobial Activity of ZpDe and ZpEO
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- López, S.B.; López, M.L.; Aragón, L.M.; Tereschuk, M.L.; Slanis, A.C.; Feresin, G.E.; Zygadlo, J.A.; Tapia, A.A. Composition and Anti-insect Activity of Essential Oils from Tagetes L. Species (Asteraceae, Helenieae) on Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann and Triatoma infestans Klug. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 5286–5292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cortez-Vega, A.; Jofré-Barud, F.; Andino, N.; Gómez, M.P.; López, M.L. Toxicological interactions between spinosad and essential oils in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. J. Appl. Entomol. 2023, 147, 834–842. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jofré Barud, F.; López, S.; Tapia, A.; Feresin, G.E.; López, M.L. Attractant, sexual competitiveness enhancing and toxic activities of the essential oils from Baccharis spartioides and Schinus polygama on Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann. Ind. Crops Prod. 2014, 62, 299–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sávoly, Z.; Nagy, I.P.; Záray, G. Analytical Methods for Chemical Characterization of Nematodes; Nova Publishers: Hauppauge, NY, USA, 2014; ISBN 9781629487656. [Google Scholar]
- Pires, D.; Vicente, C.S.L.; Menéndez, E.; Faria, J.M.S.; Rusinque, L.; Camacho, M.J.; Inácio, M.L. The Fight against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Current Status of Bacterial and Fungal Biocontrol Agents. Pathogens 2022, 11, 1178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jones, J.T.; Haegeman, A.; Danchin, E.G.J.; Gaur, H.S.; Helder, J.; Jones, M.G.K.; Kikuchi, T.; Manzanilla-López, R.; Palomares-Rius, J.E.; Wesemael, W.M.L.; et al. Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2013, 14, 946–961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kenney, E.; Eleftherianos, I. Entomopathogenic and plant pathogenic nematodes as opposing forces in agriculture. Int. J. Parasitol. 2016, 46, 13–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salazar-González, C.; Betancourth-García, C. Reacción de genotipos de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) a Meloidogyne spp. En condiciones de campo. Corpoica Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecu. 2017, 18, 295–306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bano, S.; Iqbal, E.Y.; Lubna; Zik-Ur-Rehman, S.; Fayyaz, S.; Faizi, S. Nematicidal activity of flavonoids with structure activity relationship (SAR) studies against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2020, 157, 299–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eloh, K.; Demurtas, M.; Mura, M.G.; Deplano, A.; Onnis, V.; Sasanelli, N.; Maxia, A.; Caboni, P. Potent Nematicidal Activity of Maleimide Derivatives on Meloidogyne incognita. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, 64, 4876–4881. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, H.; Cui, H.; Yang, X.; Xu, L.; Li, X.; Liu, R.; Yan, Z.; Li, X.; Zheng, W.; Zhao, Y.; et al. Nematicidal activity against Aphelenchoides besseyi and Ditylenchus destructor of three biflavonoids, isolated from roots of Stellera chamaejasme. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 2018, 21, 1473–1478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Machado, A.R.T.; Ferreira, S.R.; Medeiros, F.d.S.; Fujiwara, R.T.; Filho, J.D.d.S.; Pimenta, L.P.S. Nematicidal activity of Annona crassiflora leaf extract on Cae-norhabditis elegans. Parasites Vectors 2015, 8, 113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kalyabina, V.P.; Esimbekova, E.N.; Kopylova, K.V.; Kratasyuk, V.A. Pesticides: Formulants, distribution path-ways and effects on human health—A review. Toxicol. Rep. 2021, 8, 1179–1192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, T.Y.; Jang, J.Y.; Yu, N.H.; Chi, W.J.; Bae, C.; Yeo, J.H.; Park, A.R.; Hur, J.; Park, H.W.; Park, J.; et al. Nematicidal activity of grammicin produced by Xylaria grammica KCTC 13121BP against Meloidogyne incognita. Wiley Online Libr. 2018, 74, 384–391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdel-Rahman, A.A.; Kesba, H.H.; Mohamed, H.G.; Kamel, D.F.; Ahmed, F.S. Sublethal concentrations of conventional nematicides alter the physiological activities of Meloidogyne incognita and suppress parasitism. Sci Rep. 2023, 5, 229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nonomura, T.; Xu, L.; Wada, M.; Kawamura, S.; Miyajima, T.; Nishitomi, A.; Kakutani, K.; Takikawa, Y.; Matsuda, Y.; Toyoda, H. Trichome exudates of Lycopersicon pennellii form a chemical barrier to suppress leaf-surface germination of Oidium neolycopersici conidia. Plant Sci. 2009, 176, 31–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vivanco, J.M.; Cosio, E.; Loyola-Vargas, V.M.; Flores, H.E. Mecanismos Químicos de Defensa en las Plantas; Revista Investigación y Ciencia: Aguascalientes, Mexico, 2005; pp. 68–75. [Google Scholar]
- Isla, M.I.; Moreno, M.A.; Nuño, G.; Rodriguez, F.; Carabajal, A.; Alberto, M.R.; Zampini, I.C. Zuccagnia punctata: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2016, 11, 1749–1755. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Butassi, E.; Svetaz, L.A.; Ivancovich, J.J.; Feresin, G.E.; Tapia, A.; Zacchino, S.A. Synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata Cav. and Larrea nitida Cav. extracts in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Phytomedicine 2015, 22, 666–678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Licá, I.C.L.; dos Soares, A.M.S.; de Mesquita, L.S.S.; Malik, S. Biological properties and pharmacological potential of plant exudates. Food Res. Int. 2018, 105, 1039–1053. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Modak, B.; Salina, M.; Rodilla, J.; Torres, R. Study of the chemical composition of the resinous exudate isolated from Heliotropium sclerocarpum and evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds and the resin. Molecules 2009, 14, 4625–4633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Agüero, M.B.; Gonzalez, M.; Lima, B.; Svetaz, L.; Sánchez, M.; Zacchino, S.; Feresin, G.E.; Schmeda-Hirschmann, G.; Palermo, J.; Wunderlin, D.; et al. Argentinean propolis from Zuccagnia punctata cav. (Caesalpinieae) exudates: Phytochemical characterization and antifungal activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 194–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zampini, I.C.; Vattuone, M.A.; Isla, M.I. Antibacterial activity of Zuccagnia punctata Cav. ethanolic extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 102, 450–456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zampini, I.C.; Villarini, M.; Moretti, M.; Dominici, L.; Isla, M.I. Evaluation of genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Zuccagnia punctata Cav. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008, 115, 330–335. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Svetaz, L.; Tapia, A.; López, S.N.; Furlán, R.L.E.; Petenatti, E.; Pioli, R.; Schmeda-Hirschmann, G.; Zacchino, S.A. Antifungal chalcones and new caffeic acids esters from Zuccagnia punctata acting against soybean infecting fungi. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 3297–3300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Svetaz, L.; Agüero, M.B.; Alvarez, S.; Luna, L.; Feresin, G.; Derita, M.; Tapia, A.; Zacchino, S. Antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata Cav.: Evidence for the mechanism of action. Planta Med. 2007, 73, 1074–1080. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Butassi, E.; Svetaz, L.A.; Sortino, M.A.; Quiroga, A.D.; Carvalho, V.S.D.; Cortés, J.C.G.; Ribas, J.C.; Zacchino, S.A. Approaches to the mechanism of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata-Larrea nitida bi-herbal combination. Phytomedicine 2019, 54, 291–301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Solorzano, E.R.; Bortolini, C.; Bogialli, S.; Di Gangi, I.M.; Favaro, G.; Maldonado, L.; Pastore, P. Use of a LC-DAD-QTOF system for the characterization of the phenolic profile of the argentinean plant Zuccagnia punctata and of the related propolis: New biomarkers. J. Funct. Foods 2017, 33, 425–435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gómez, J.; Simirgiotis, M.J.; Manrique, S.; Lima, B.; Bórquez, J.; Feresin, G.E.; Tapia, A. UHPLC-HESI-OT-MS-MS biomolecules profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the “orange-yellow resin” from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- López, S.; Tapia, A.; Zygadlo, J.; Stariolo, R.; Abraham, G.A.; Cortez Tornello, P.R. Zuccagnia punctata cav. Essential oil into poly(ε-caprolactone) matrices as a sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy biorepellent against triatoma infestans (klug) (hemiptera, reduviidae). Molecules 2021, 26, 4056. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gómez, J.; Simirgiotis, M.J.; Manrique, S.; Piñeiro, M.; Lima, B.; Bórquez, J.; Feresin, G.E.; Tapia, A. Uhplc-esi-ot-ms phenolics profiling, free radical scavenging, antibacterial and nematicidal activities of “yellow-brown resins” from Larrea spp. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Faria, J.M.S.; Barbosa, P.; Vieira, P.; Vicente, C.S.L.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Mota, M. Phytochemicals as biopesticides against the pinewood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus: A review on essential oils and their volatiles. Plants 2021, 10, 2614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aissani, N.; Urgeghe, P.P.; Oplos, C.; Saba, M.; Tocco, G.; Petretto, G.L.; Eloh, K.; Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, U.; Ntalli, N.; Caboni, P. Nematicidal Activity of the Volatilome of Eruca sativa on Meloidogyne incognita. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2015, 63, 6120–6125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third Informational Supplement; CLSI document M100-S23; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Wayne, PA, USA, 2013; ISBN 1-56238-865-7 [Print]; ISBN 1-56238-866-5 [Electronic]. [Google Scholar]
- CSI, 2002; Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast—Approved Standard M27, A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Wayne, PA, USA, 2002.
- Agüero, M.B.; Svetaz, L.; Sánchez, M.; Luna, L.; Lima, B.; López, M.L.; Zacchino, S.; Palermo, J.; Wunderlin, D.; Feresin, G.E.; et al. Argentinean Andean propolis associated with the medicinal plant Larrea nitida Cav. (Zygophyllaceae). HPLC-MS and GC-MS characterization and antifungal activity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011, 49, 1970–1978. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D’Almeida, R.E.; Alberto, M.R.; Morgan, P.; Sedensky, M.; Isla, M.I. Effect of structurally related flavonoids from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. on Caenorhabditis elegans. Acta Parasitol. 2015, 60, 164–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, J.; Li, Q.X.; Song, B. Chemical Nematicides: Recent Research Progress and Outlook. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020, 68, 12175–12188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Caboni, P.; Aissani, N.; Cabras, T.; Falqui, A.; Marotta, R.; Liori, B.; Ntalli, N.; Sarais, G.; Sasanelli, N.; Tocco, G. Potent nematicidal activity of phthalaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and cinnamic aldehyde against Meloidogyne incognita. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 1794–1803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.Q.; Bai, C.Q.; Chu, S.S.; Zhou, L.; Du, S.S.; Liu, Z.L.; Liu, Q.Z. Chemical composition and toxicities of the essential oil derived from Kadsura heteroclita stems against Sitophilus zeamais and Meloidogyne incognita. J. Med. Plant Res. 2011, 5, 4943–4948. [Google Scholar]
- Ji, H.; Li, Y.C.; Wen, Z.; Li, X.H.; Zhang, H.X.; Li, H.T. GC-MS Analysis of Nematicidal Essential Oil of Mentha canadensis Aerial Parts against Heterodera avenae and Meloidogyne incognita. J. Essent. Oil-Bearing Plants 2016, 19, 2056–2064. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ntalli, N.G.; Caboni, P. Botanical nematicides: A review. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 9929–9940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ntalli, N.G.; Ferrari, F.; Giannakou, I.; Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, U. Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 greek lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 7856–7863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ntalli, N.G.; Ferrari, F.; Giannakou, I.; Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, U. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of terpenes against Meloidogyne incognita and the nematicidal activity of essential oils from seven plants indigenous to Greece. Pest Manag. Sci. 2011, 67, 341–351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sangwan, N.K.; Verma, B.S.; Verma, K.K.; Dhindsa, K.S. Nematicidal activity of some essential plant oils. Pestic. Sci. 1990, 28, 331–335. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Walker, J.T.; Melin, J.B. Mentha x piperita, Mentha spicata and effects of their essential oils on Meloidogyne in soils. J. Nematol. 1996, 28, 629–635. [Google Scholar]
- Pino-Otín, M.R.; Ballestero, D.; Navarro, E.; González-Coloma, A.; Val, J.; Mainar, A.M. Ecotoxicity of a novel biopesticide from Artemisia absinthium on non-target aquatic organisms. Chemosphere 2019, 216, 131–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Huang, C.S. Chapter 13: Formation, anatomy and physiology of giant cells induced by root-knot nematodes. In An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne; Sasser, J.N., Carter, C.C., Eds.; Volume I Biology and Control—International Meloidogyne Project; North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC, USA, 1985; pp. 155–164. [Google Scholar]
- Caboni, P.; Sarais, G.; Aissani, N.; Tocco, G.; Sasanelli, N.; Liori, B.; Carta, A.; Angioni, A. Nematicidal activity of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and methylisothiocyanate from caper (Capparis spinosa) against Meloidogyne incognita. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 7345–7351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gómez, J.; Simirgiotis, M.J.; Lima, B.; Gamarra-Luques, C.; Bórquez, J.; Caballero, D.; Feresin, G.E.; Tapia, A. UHPLCQ/Orbitrap/MS/MS fingerprinting, free radical scavenging, and antimicrobial activity of tessaria absinthiodes (Hook. & arn.) DC. (asteraceae) lyophilized decoction from Argentina and Chile. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 593. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zampini, I.C.; Cuello, S.; Alberto, M.R.; Ordoñez, R.M.; Almeida, R.D.; Solorzano, E.; Isla, M.I. Antimicrobial activity of selected plant species from “the Argentine Puna” against sensitive and multi-resistant bacteria. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009, 124, 499–505. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lima, B.; Sanchez, M.; Agüero, M.B.; Tapia, A.; Palermo, J.A.; Feresin, G.E. Antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds isolated from the Andean medicinal plant Azorella cryptantha (Clos) Reiche, Apiaceae. Ind. Crops Prod. 2015, 64, 152–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Tamokou, J.D.; Mbaveng, A.T.; Kuete, V. Antimicrobial Activities of African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables; Elsevier Inc.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2017; ISBN 9780128094419. [Google Scholar]
- Álvarez, S.L.; Cortadi, A.; Juárez, M.A.; Petenatti, E.; Tomi, F.; Casanova, J.; Van Baren, C.M.; Zacchino, S.; Vila, R. (−)-5,6-Dehydrocamphor from the antifungal essential oil of Zuccagnia punctata. Phytochem. Lett. 2012, 5, 194–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lamoth, F.; Lockhart, S.R.; Berkow, E.L.; Calandra, T. Changes in the epidemiological landscape of invasive candidiasis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2018, 73, i4–i13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghazi, S.; Rafei, R.; Osman, M.; El Safadi, D.; Mallat, H.; Papon, N.; Dabboussi, F.; Bouchara, J.-P.; Hamze, M. The epidemiology of Candida species in the Middle East and North Africa. J. Mycol. Med. 2019, 29, 245–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Colombo, A.L.; de Almeida Júnior, J.N.; Guinea, J. Emerging multidrug-resistant Candida species. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2017, 30, 528–538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Potente, G.; Bonvicini, F.; Gentilomi, G.A.; Antognoni, F. Anti-Candida activity of essential oils from Lamiaceae plants from the Mediterranean area and the Middle East. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Peak | Tentative Identification | [M-H]− | Retention Time (min.) | Theoretical Mass (m/z) | Measured Mass (m/z) | Accuracy (ppm) | Metabolite Type | MS Ions (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Na formiate (internal standard) | C4H2O4 | 0.22 | 112.9829 | 112.9856 | 3.1 | Standard | 588.8964, 656.8829, 724.8745 |
2 | Geranyl caffeate | C19H23O4 | 1.22 | 315.1600 | 315.1699 | −0.72 | Phenolic acid | 178.0265; 134.0364; 133. 0289 |
3 | Rhapontin | C21H23O9 | 3.14 | 419.1347 | 419.1347 | −0.0 | Phenolic acid | 271.05714, 269.0444, 255.06280 |
4 | 7,4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-flavanone | C18H17O6 | 4.52 | 285.07572 | 285.0763 | −7.7 | Flavone | 149.9947; 119.0494 |
5 | 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone | C16H13O4 | 4.76 | 269.08167 | 269.0808 | −2.6 | Chalcone | |
6 | Rhamnetin | C16H11O7 | 5.56 | 315.0511 | 315.0505 | −2.6 | Flavone | 299.05616 (M-CH3), 279.1235, 255.0314 |
7 | 1-methyl-3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-propyl caffeic acid ester | C19H19O6 | 7.55 | 343.1187 | 343.1188 | −3.19 | Phenolic acid | 135.0274 |
8 | Rhamnacin | C17H13O7 | 13.23 | 329.0657 | 329.0666 | −2.91 | Flavone | 315.0462, (M-CH3), 277.1075, 300.05554, 151.0020, 256.03405 |
9 | 3,7-dihydroxyflavone | C15H9O4 | 15.55 | 253.05025 | 253.0495 | 2.94 | Flavone | 208.0522; 223.0324; 195.0455; 180.0565 |
10 | Sakuranetin | C16H13O5 | 16.57 | 285.0768 | 285.0759 | −2.96 | Flavone | 247.0972 |
11 | Eupatorin | C18H15O7 | 17.54 | 343.0823 | 343.0823 | 0.03 | Flavone | 321.1702 |
12 | Circimaritin | C17H13O6 | 17.67 | 313.07412 | 313.07176 | 7.5 | Flavone | 165.02860, 239.05757 |
13 | Ganoderiol C | C32H53O5 | 17.89 | 517.3898 | 517.3913 | −2.83 | Terpene | 467.44415, 283.2615 |
14 | Tetracosanoic acid | C24H48O2 | 18.01 | 367.3599 | 367.3581 | 4.79 | Fatty acid | 311.1610 |
15 | Shinflavanone | C25H25O4 | 18.54 | 389.1765 | 389.1758 | 1.94 | Flavone | 289.0869 |
16 | Neochlorogenin | C27H43O4 | 19.56 | 431.31739 | 431.31668 | 1.64 | Terpene | 863.6363, 344.13611, 279.23113, 321.2050 |
Peak | Compounds | RI | Area% | Identification Method |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | alpha pinene | 938 | 10.1 | 1, 2 |
2 | alpha fenchene | 950 | 0.3 | 1 |
3 | thuja-2,4-(10)-diene | 960 | 4.9 | 1 |
4 | beta pinene | 980 | 0.2 | 1, 2 |
5 | mesitylene | 998 | 10.5 | 1 |
6 | ethyl hexanoate | 1000 | 0.3 | 1 |
7 | alpha phellandrene | 1003 | 0.5 | 1, 2 |
8 | p-methyl anisole | 1013 | 2.0 | 1 |
9 | 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene | 1022 | 5.9 | 1 |
10 | p-cymene | 1025 | 18.6 | 1, 2 |
11 | limonene | 1028 | 7.4 | 1, 2 |
12 | 1,8-cineole | 1031 | 7.4 | 1, 2 |
13 | 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 5,5-dimethyl-1-ethyl- | 1040 | 0.2 | 1 |
14 | trans-Linalool Oxide | 1089 | 0.8 | 1 |
15 | p- cymenene | 1091 | 1.9 | 1 |
16 | 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one (-)-5,6-dehydrocrocamphor | 1094 | 1.5 | 1 |
17 | linalool | 1097 | 7.5 | 1, 2 |
18 | mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol | 1133 | 1.3 | 1 |
19 | cisverbenol | 1139 | 1.3 | 1 |
20 | p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol (alpha phellandren-8-ol) | 1170 | 1.6 | 1 |
21 | terpinen-4-ol | 1178 | 3.8 | 1, 2 |
22 | para cymen-8-ol | 1181 | 3.4 | 1 |
23 | alpha terpineol | 1188 | 1.5 | 1, 2 |
24 | 2-allyl-phenol | 1193 | 1.5 | 1 |
25 | verbenone | 1205 | 1.5 | 1, 2 |
26 | para cymen-9-ol | 1205 | 1.6 | 1 |
27 | 2-E-1-propenyl phenol | 1263 | 0.4 | 1 |
28 | 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde | 1355 | 0.9 | 1 |
29 | arbozol (endo) | 1434 | 0.1 | 1 |
30 | arbozol (exo) | 1454 | 0.1 | 1 |
31 | delta cadinene | 1520 | 0.4 | 1 |
32 | beta eudesmol | 1651 | 0.6 | 1 |
Total | 100.0 |
Treatment | Nemostatic Activity | Nematicidal Activity (%) | LC50(mg/mL) (I.L-S-L) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |||
ZpDe | 66.43 b ± 20.6 | 89.44 bc ± 13.6 | 92.50 bc ± 11.7 | 95.24 a ± 8.74 | 0.208 (0.159–0.258) |
Positive control | 95.00 c ± 5.0 | 98.00 c ± 2.74 | 99.00 c ± 2.24 | 98.89 a ± 2.48 | |
Negative control | 1.25 a ± 2.5 | 8.75 a ± 2.5 | 10.00 a ± 0.0 |
Treatment | Nemostatic Activity | Nematicide Activity (%) | LC50 (mg/mL) (I.L–S-L) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |||
ZpRe | 45.00 b ± 3.54 | 95.83 b ± 10.21 | 100 b ± 0.00 | 100 ± 0.00 | 0.017 (0.012–0.021) |
Positive control | 95.00 c ± 5.0 | 98.00 b ± 2.74 | 99.00 c ± 2.24 | 98.89 ± 2.26 | |
Negative control | 0.40 a ± 0.89 | 1.40 a ± 2.19 | 1.40 a ± 2.19 | ||
F(5–8) | 95.0 c ± 5.0 | 96.67 c ± 2.89 | 96.67 c ± 2.89 | 96.60 a % ± 2.95 | 0.003 (0.002–0.005) |
Positive control | 92. 0 c ± 5.7 | 93.0 c ± 5.7 | 97.0 c ± 4.47 | 96.64 a % ± 4.56 | |
Negative control | 0.0 a ± 0.0 | 0.0 a ± 0.0 | 2.0 a ± 2.74 | ||
ZpEO | 96.0 b ± 5.48 | 98.0 b ± 4.47 | 99.0 b ± 2.24 | 98.99 a ± 2.27 | 0.142 (0.101–0.183) |
Positive control | 95. 0 b ± 5.0 | 98.0 b ± 2.74 | 99.0 b ± 2.24 | 96.64 a ± 4.56 | |
Negative control | 0.0 a ± 0.0 | 0.4 a ± 0.89 | 1.4 a ± 2.19 |
Assays | ZpDe |
---|---|
Phenolic compounds | 241.34 ± 15.93 |
Flavonoids (mg QE/gZpDe) | 10.03 ± 1.25 |
Antioxidant | |
DPPH (EC50 in µgZpDe/mL) | 28.54 ± 2.55 |
FRAP (mg TE/mg of ZpDe) | 11.46 ± 0.16 |
TEAC (mg TE/g of ZpDe) | 5.05 ± 0.01 |
ILP at 250 µgZpDe/mL | 87.75 ± 1.37 |
Microorganisms | Extracts | Reference Antibiotics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacterias | ZpDe | ZpEO | Imipecil | |||
Gram (+) | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC |
MSSA | >3000 | >3000 | >3000 | - | 0.25 | 0.25 |
MRSA | 3000 | 3000 | >3000 | - | 1 | 1 |
Staphylococcus aureus MQ1 | 3000 | >3000 | >3000 | - | 2 | 2 |
Staphylococcus aureus MQ2 | 2500 | 3000 | >3000 | - | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Gram (−) | ||||||
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 3000 | 3000 | >3000 | - | 0.62 | 0.62 |
Salmonella sp. | 2000 | >3000 | >3000 | - | 0.5 | 1 |
Fungi | Ketoconazole | |||||
MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC | |
C. albicans MQ-1924 | >3000 | - | 750 | >2000 | 0.62 | 1.25 |
C. glabrata MQ-1 | >3000 | - | 1500 | >2000 | 2.5 | >2.5 |
C. tropicalis MQ-C131 | >3000 | - | 750 | >2000 | 0.31 | 0.62 |
C. parapsilopsis MQ-1 | >3000 | - | 750 | >2000 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
Cryptococcus neoformans MQ-1 | >3000 | - | 750 | 1000 | 0.62 | 2.5 |
C. tropicalis MQ1 | >3000 | - | 750 | >2000 | 0.62 | 0.62 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Manrique, S.; Gómez, J.; Piñeiro, M.; Sampietro, B.A.; Peschiutta, M.L.; Tapia, A.; Simirgiotis, M.J.; Lima, B. Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a Potential Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Bionematicide for the Control of Argentinean Horticultural Crops. Plants 2023, 12, 4104. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244104
Manrique S, Gómez J, Piñeiro M, Sampietro BA, Peschiutta ML, Tapia A, Simirgiotis MJ, Lima B. Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a Potential Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Bionematicide for the Control of Argentinean Horticultural Crops. Plants. 2023; 12(24):4104. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244104
Chicago/Turabian StyleManrique, Sofía, Jessica Gómez, Mauricio Piñeiro, Belén Ariza Sampietro, Maria L. Peschiutta, Alejandro Tapia, Mario J. Simirgiotis, and Beatriz Lima. 2023. "Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a Potential Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Bionematicide for the Control of Argentinean Horticultural Crops" Plants 12, no. 24: 4104. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244104