A Case Study of Ozone Diurnal Variation in the Convective Boundary Layer in the Southeastern United States Using Multiple Observations and Large-Eddy Simulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Measurements and Model
2.1. Measurements
2.2. Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES)
2.3. Methodology
2.3.1. Physics Settings
2.3.2. Chemistry Settings
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Meteorological Analysis
3.2. The CBL Height
3.3. Ozone Variation in the CBL
3.4. Ozone Transport within the CBL
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Instrument | Measurements | Vertical Range | Vertical Resolution | Temporal Resolution |
---|---|---|---|---|
915 MHz wind profiler | Vertical motion, | 0.19–4 km | 60 or 106 m | 60 s |
horizontal wind, | ||||
spectral width | ||||
Ceilometer | Backscatter, | 0.3–10+ km | 30 m | 15 s |
cloud base | ||||
MPR | Temperature, | Surface–10 km | 100 m from surface to 1 km | 1–14 min |
integrated water vapor | 250 m above 1 km | |||
Ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) | Ozone | Surface–10+ km | 30 m (sampling resolution) | 2–10 min |
compact wind and aerosol lidar (CWAL) | Aerosol, wind velocity | 0.75–10 km | 30 m | 0.1–30 s |
Surface | Temperature, wind velocity, | 2 m | N/A | 5 s |
solar radiation |
Reaction Number | Reaction | Reaction Rate |
---|---|---|
R1 | O3 + hv → O(1D) + O2 | |
R2 | O(1D) + H2O → 2OH | |
R3 | O(1D) + N2 → O3 + PRODUCT | |
R4 | O(1D) + O2 →O3 + PRODUCT | |
R5 | NO2 + hv → NO + O3 | |
R6 | CH2O + hv → HO2 | |
R7 | OH + CO → HO2 + CO2 | |
R8 | OH + CH4 → CH3O2 | |
R9 | OH + ISO → RO2 | |
R10 | OH + MVK → HO2 + CH2O | |
R11 | HO2 + NO → OH + NO2 | |
R12 | CH3O2 + NO → HO2 + NO2 + CH2O | |
R13 | RO2 + NO → HO2 + NO2 + CH2O + MVK | |
R14 | OH + CH2O + O2 → HO2 + CO + H2O | |
R15 | HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + O2 | k* |
R16 | CH3O2 + HO2 → PRODUCT | |
R17 | RO2 + HO2 → nOH product | |
R18 | OH + NO2→ HNO3 | |
R19 | NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 | |
k* = (k1 + k2)∙k3. | ||
k1 = ; k2 = ; k3 = |
Mixing Ratio (ppb, z < 200 m) | Mixing Ratio (ppb, z > 200 m) | |
---|---|---|
Ozone | as Figure 1 | as Figure 1 |
NO | 0 | 0 |
NO2 | 1 | 0 |
ISO | 2 | 0 |
HO2 | 0 | 0 |
OH | 0 | 0 |
MVK | 1.3 | 1.3 |
CH4 | 1724 | 1724 |
CO | 124 | 124 |
Name | Dynamics | Chemistry | Dry Depo. |
---|---|---|---|
Control | on | off | off |
Std. NO emis. | on | on | on |
150% NO emis. | on | on | on |
200% NO emis. | on | on | on |
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Huang, G.; Newchurch, M.J.; Kuang, S.; Ouwersloot, H.G. A Case Study of Ozone Diurnal Variation in the Convective Boundary Layer in the Southeastern United States Using Multiple Observations and Large-Eddy Simulation. Climate 2019, 7, 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7040053
Huang G, Newchurch MJ, Kuang S, Ouwersloot HG. A Case Study of Ozone Diurnal Variation in the Convective Boundary Layer in the Southeastern United States Using Multiple Observations and Large-Eddy Simulation. Climate. 2019; 7(4):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7040053
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Guanyu, M.J. Newchurch, Shi Kuang, and Huug G. Ouwersloot. 2019. "A Case Study of Ozone Diurnal Variation in the Convective Boundary Layer in the Southeastern United States Using Multiple Observations and Large-Eddy Simulation" Climate 7, no. 4: 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7040053
APA StyleHuang, G., Newchurch, M. J., Kuang, S., & Ouwersloot, H. G. (2019). A Case Study of Ozone Diurnal Variation in the Convective Boundary Layer in the Southeastern United States Using Multiple Observations and Large-Eddy Simulation. Climate, 7(4), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7040053