The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Agro-Meteorological Conditions as a Civilisation’s Driving Force
2.1. The Agro-Meteorological Conditions in the Famine Mechanism
2.2. The Agro-Meteorological Famine (AMF) and Society
2.3. Agro-Meteorological Conditions and the Societal Chain Reaction
3. Selected Agro-Meteorological Famine Incidents in European History
3.1. The “Great Famine” of 1315 AD
3.2. The Northern European Famine (1693–97 AD)
3.3. Agro-Meteorological Conditions and the French Revolution
3.4. Agro-Meteorological Conditions and the Two Irish Historical Famines
4. Summary and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Charalampopoulos, I.; Droulia, F. The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe. Climate 2021, 9, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9010005
Charalampopoulos I, Droulia F. The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe. Climate. 2021; 9(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharalampopoulos, Ioannis, and Fotoula Droulia. 2021. "The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe" Climate 9, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9010005