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Article

Comparison of Vibrations and Emissions of Conventional Jet Fuel with Stressed 100% SPK and Fully Formulated Synthetic Jet Fuel

by
Bhupendra Khandelwal
*,
Swapneel Roy
,
Charles Lord
and
Simon Blakey
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 3JD, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Aerospace 2014, 1(2), 52-66; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace1020052
Submission received: 30 January 2014 / Revised: 4 July 2014 / Accepted: 25 July 2014 / Published: 27 August 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aviation Alternative Fuels and Energies)
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Abstract

The rapid growth of the aviation sector around the globe has witnessed an overwhelming impact on fossil fuel resources. With the implementation of stricter environmental laws over emissions by conventional jet fuels, growing demand for research on alternative fuels has become imperative. One-hundred percent Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and Fully Formulated Synthetic Jet Fuel have surfaced as viable alternatives for gas turbine engines due to their similar properties as that of Jet Fuel. This paper presents results from an experimental study performed on a small gas turbine engine, comparing emissions performance and vibrations for conventional Jet A-1 Fuel, thermally stressed 100% SPK and Fully Formulated Synthetic Jet Fuel. Different vibration frequencies, power spectra were observed for different fuels. Gaseous emissions observed were nearly the same, whereas, significant changes in particulates emissions were observed.
Keywords: vibrations; emissions; PM; smoke number; SPK; stressed Jet A-1 fuel vibrations; emissions; PM; smoke number; SPK; stressed Jet A-1 fuel

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khandelwal, B.; Roy, S.; Lord, C.; Blakey, S. Comparison of Vibrations and Emissions of Conventional Jet Fuel with Stressed 100% SPK and Fully Formulated Synthetic Jet Fuel. Aerospace 2014, 1, 52-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace1020052

AMA Style

Khandelwal B, Roy S, Lord C, Blakey S. Comparison of Vibrations and Emissions of Conventional Jet Fuel with Stressed 100% SPK and Fully Formulated Synthetic Jet Fuel. Aerospace. 2014; 1(2):52-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace1020052

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khandelwal, Bhupendra, Swapneel Roy, Charles Lord, and Simon Blakey. 2014. "Comparison of Vibrations and Emissions of Conventional Jet Fuel with Stressed 100% SPK and Fully Formulated Synthetic Jet Fuel" Aerospace 1, no. 2: 52-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace1020052

APA Style

Khandelwal, B., Roy, S., Lord, C., & Blakey, S. (2014). Comparison of Vibrations and Emissions of Conventional Jet Fuel with Stressed 100% SPK and Fully Formulated Synthetic Jet Fuel. Aerospace, 1(2), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace1020052

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