Analysis of the Competitiveness, Complementarity, and Trade Combination of Kazakhstan and China in the Oil and Gas Trade

Du, Binghan; Juman, Jappar; Makulova, Aiymzhan Tulegenovna; Khamzayeva, Assel Valitkhanovna; Zhai, Xuan

doi:10.3390/economies12070182

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Competitiveness, Complementarity, and Trade Combination of Kazakhstan and China in the Oil and Gas Trade

by

Binghan Du

¹,

Jappar Juman

^1,*,

Aiymzhan Tulegenovna Makulova

²,

Assel Valitkhanovna Khamzayeva

¹ and

Xuan Zhai

¹

Department of International Relations and World Economy, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan

²

School of Digital Technologies, University NARXOZ, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Economies 2024, 12(7), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070182

Submission received: 26 May 2024 / Revised: 29 June 2024 / Accepted: 2 July 2024 / Published: 10 July 2024

(This article belongs to the Topic Energy Economics and Sustainable Development)

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Abstract

The oil and gas trade is one of the main ways to promote regional economic development by improving the effectiveness of resource allocation. While regional energy cooperation could lead to growth in the energy trade, blind investment will reduce effective yields. Kazakhstan and China maintain a stable oil and gas trade, but resource exports to China are not growing as expected. The aim of this research is to analyze the competitiveness and complementarity of Kazakhstan and China in the oil and gas trade, as well as the main factors affecting the oil and gas trade between Kazakhstan and China. By creating a linear regression equation to analyze the gravity model of the oil and gas trade between Kazakhstan and China, it was revealed that a 1% growth of the gross domestic product in both countries would lead to a 1.471% increase in the oil and gas trade. However, an increase in oil and gas production in Kazakhstan will not contribute to the expansion of the oil and gas trade with China. Kazakhstan and China could improve their oil and gas trade by strengthening financial cooperation, improving energy efficiency, increasing investment in infrastructure such as oil refineries and pipelines, and developing new oil and gas fields in Kazakhstan.

Keywords: energy cooperation; competitiveness; complementarity; trade combination; oil; gas; Kazakhstan; China

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MDPI and ACS Style

Du, B.; Juman, J.; Makulova, A.T.; Khamzayeva, A.V.; Zhai, X. Analysis of the Competitiveness, Complementarity, and Trade Combination of Kazakhstan and China in the Oil and Gas Trade. Economies 2024, 12, 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070182

AMA Style

Du B, Juman J, Makulova AT, Khamzayeva AV, Zhai X. Analysis of the Competitiveness, Complementarity, and Trade Combination of Kazakhstan and China in the Oil and Gas Trade. Economies. 2024; 12(7):182. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070182

Chicago/Turabian Style

Du, Binghan, Jappar Juman, Aiymzhan Tulegenovna Makulova, Assel Valitkhanovna Khamzayeva, and Xuan Zhai. 2024. "Analysis of the Competitiveness, Complementarity, and Trade Combination of Kazakhstan and China in the Oil and Gas Trade" Economies 12, no. 7: 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070182

APA Style

Du, B., Juman, J., Makulova, A. T., Khamzayeva, A. V., & Zhai, X. (2024). Analysis of the Competitiveness, Complementarity, and Trade Combination of Kazakhstan and China in the Oil and Gas Trade. Economies, 12(7), 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070182

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Analysis of the Competitiveness, Complementarity, and Trade Combination of Kazakhstan and China in the Oil and Gas Trade

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