The Role of Language and Literacy Skills in Science Learning from Kindergarten to 5th Grade: Mitigating Gender, Racial/Ethnic, and Socio-Economic Disparities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Dataset
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Reading
2.2.2. Science
2.2.3. Externalizing Behavior
2.3. Analytic Strategy
3. Results
3.1. Patterns and Variations in Children’s Surpassing the Threshold
3.2. Factors Mitigating the Disparities in Science Achievement
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Semester | Survival Probability | SE | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
K Spring | 1 | - | - | - |
G1 Fall | 1 | - | - | - |
G1 Spring | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
G2 Fall | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.98 |
G2 Spring | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 0.96 |
G3 Spring | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.86 | 0.88 |
G4 Spring | 0.68 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.70 |
G5 Spring | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.43 |
Race/Ethnicity | Semester | Survival Probability | SE | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black | K Spring | 1 | - | - | - |
G1 Fall | 1 | - | - | - | |
G1 Spring | 1 | - | - | - | |
G2 Fall | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.99 | |
G2 Spring | 0.97 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 0.98 | |
G3 Spring | 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.96 | |
G4 Spring | 0.82 | 0.01 | 0.78 | 0.85 | |
G5 Spring | 0.58 | 0.02 | 0.54 | 0.63 | |
Non-Black | K Spring | 1 | - | - | - |
G1 Fall | 1 | - | - | - | |
G1 Spring | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | |
G2 Fall | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.98 | |
G2 Spring | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.96 | |
G3 Spring | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.87 | |
G4 Spring | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.67 | |
G5 Spring | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.41 |
Race/Ethnicity | Semester | Survival Probability | SE | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hispanic | K Spring | 1 | - | - | - |
G1 Fall | 1 | - | - | - | |
G1 Spring | 1 | - | - | - | |
G2 Fall | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.99 | |
G2 Spring | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.98 | 0.99 | |
G3 Spring | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.96 | |
G4 Spring | 0.83 | 0.00 | 0.81 | 0.85 | |
G5 Spring | 0.56 | 0.01 | 0.53 | 0.59 | |
Non-Hispanic | K Spring | 1 | - | - | - |
G1 Fall | 1 | - | - | - | |
G1 Spring | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | |
G2 Fall | 0.97 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 0.98 | |
G2 Spring | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.92 | 0.94 | |
G3 Spring | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.83 | |
G4 Spring | 0.59 | 0.01 | 0.57 | 0.61 | |
G5 Spring | 0.32 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.34 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | Standard Error | Hazard Ratio (HR) | Estimate | Standard Error | Hazard Ratio (HR) | |
Main Effects | ||||||
Age | 0.013 * | 0.005 | 1.013 | 0.013 * | 0.005 | 1.013 |
Male | 0.155 *** | 0.046 | 1.167 | 2.114 *** | 0.564 | 8.282 |
Black | −0.288 ** | 0.096 | 0.749 | −2.588 * | 1.185 | 0.075 |
Hispanic | −0.162 * | 0.066 | 0.850 | −1.931 * | 0.788 | 0.144 |
SES | 0.164 *** | 0.042 | 1.178 | 1.421 ** | 0.494 | 4.141 |
Externalizing Behavior | 0.027 | 0.044 | 1.027 | 0.022 | 0.044 | 1.022 |
Literacy Skills | 0.076 *** | 0.002 | 1.080 | 0.105 *** | 0.010 | 1.111 |
Moderations | ||||||
Male × Literacy Skills | −0.013 *** | 0.003 | 0.986 | |||
Black × Literacy Skills | 0.016 * | 0.008 | 1.016 | |||
Hispanic × Literacy Skills | 0.012 * | 0.005 | 1.012 | |||
SES × Literacy Skills | −0.009 ** | 0.003 | 0.990 |
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Jang, W.; Kwon, K.-A.; Horm, D. The Role of Language and Literacy Skills in Science Learning from Kindergarten to 5th Grade: Mitigating Gender, Racial/Ethnic, and Socio-Economic Disparities. Educ. Sci. 2024, 14, 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090994
Jang W, Kwon K-A, Horm D. The Role of Language and Literacy Skills in Science Learning from Kindergarten to 5th Grade: Mitigating Gender, Racial/Ethnic, and Socio-Economic Disparities. Education Sciences. 2024; 14(9):994. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090994
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang, Wonkyung, Kyong-Ah Kwon, and Diane Horm. 2024. "The Role of Language and Literacy Skills in Science Learning from Kindergarten to 5th Grade: Mitigating Gender, Racial/Ethnic, and Socio-Economic Disparities" Education Sciences 14, no. 9: 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090994