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Educ. Sci., Volume 14, Issue 9 (September 2024) – 7 articles

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34 pages, 2222 KiB  
Systematic Review
Successful School Principalship: A Meta-Synthesis of 20 Years of International Case Studies
by Jingping Sun, Christopher Day, Rong Zhang, Huaiyue Zhang, Ting Huang and Junqi Lin
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090929 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024
Abstract
This meta-synthesis crosses international borders by analyzing successful principalship across nine countries. With careful, detailed, systematic, and analytic synthesis, it critically explores research-informed understandings of successful principal leadership over the last 20 years. The paper is an interim report of reviews of the [...] Read more.
This meta-synthesis crosses international borders by analyzing successful principalship across nine countries. With careful, detailed, systematic, and analytic synthesis, it critically explores research-informed understandings of successful principal leadership over the last 20 years. The paper is an interim report of reviews of the 85 articles and 23 chapters produced by the International Successful School Principal Project (ISSPP), the largest, longest-running international research project in this field. In that project, success is defined as the principal’s ability to grow and sustain students’ academic, personal, and social developments and achievements over time. The results add to existing knowledge of how successful school principals achieve success by examining high-quality, published case study evidence from Australia, Cyprus, Israel, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Spain, the UK, and the US. Results suggest common sets of core values, qualities, and practices among school principals, regardless of national contexts, conditions, or cultures. Because the research design is multi-perspective and multi-layered, the case studies also show significant, context-informed differences in timing, pace, and extent of application of improvement strategies. Thus, the findings of this synthesis paint a thorough and cohesive picture of who successful principals are and what they do over time at the global level to achieve success, as they navigate values-led school success in different contexts and improvement phases within complex internal and external ecological chrono-, macro-, exo-, meso-, and microsystems. Full article
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19 pages, 809 KiB  
Article
Forgiveness Education in Fourth- through Eighth-Grade Classrooms: Development and Evaluation of a New Forgiveness Curriculum
by Loren Toussaint, Angela Kueny and Allison Stevens
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090928 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a new middle-school-classroom forgiveness curriculum in promoting forgiveness and reducing anger. The students in this study were 153 fourth through eighth graders in three regional parochial schools. The students were assigned to [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a new middle-school-classroom forgiveness curriculum in promoting forgiveness and reducing anger. The students in this study were 153 fourth through eighth graders in three regional parochial schools. The students were assigned to forgiveness education or control groups in the fall semester and reassigned to the opposite group in the spring semester. Before-and-after assessments of forgiveness and anger were collected in both the fall and spring semesters. The quantitative results showed that levels of forgiveness increased as expected in both semesters, but anger did not change in expected ways. The qualitative results showed that the children’s conceptualizations of the forgiveness process aligned closely with the core forgiveness curriculum content. The results suggest that meaningful work can be accomplished to promote forgiveness in the middle school classroom using this newly developed, efficient, and effective curriculum that can be implemented by teachers and staff. Full article
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16 pages, 264 KiB  
Review
Forgiveness Psychoeducation with Emerging Adults: REACH Forgiveness and Community Campaigns for Forgiveness
by Everett L. Worthington, Jr.
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 927; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090927 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 146
Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to the effectiveness of forgiveness interventions in children and adolescents featuring two premier programs by Enright and his colleagues. Little attention has been given to psychoeducational forgiveness interventions with emerging adults. This is a narrative review of REACH [...] Read more.
Much attention has been devoted to the effectiveness of forgiveness interventions in children and adolescents featuring two premier programs by Enright and his colleagues. Little attention has been given to psychoeducational forgiveness interventions with emerging adults. This is a narrative review of REACH Forgiveness studies with emerging adults (ages 18–25). The life tasks of emerging adults justify offering psychoeducational interventions to emerging adults. Research studies on REACH Forgiveness (k = 17), non-REACH Forgiveness studies (k = 4), and community campaigns at universities (k = 4) with emerging adults are summarized. Effect sizes per hour (d/h) for REACH Forgiveness studies (k = 13 for psychoeducational groups; k = 4 for self-administered workbooks) are reported. The proto-REACH groups (k = 5) had mean d/h = 0.104; REACH groups (k = 9) had d/h = 0.101; self-administered workbooks (k = 3) had mean d/h = 0.15; non-REACH Forgiveness studies (k = 4) had d/h = 0.09. All studies were from the USA, and most were from universities. However, a recent article reported randomized controlled trials in five non-USA samples of adults (N = 4598). A 3.34-h workbook had d/h = 0.16, suggesting that the workbook might be effective with emerging adults around the world. Finally, three USA Christian universities had public health immersion campaigns to promote forgiveness, and a community psychoeducational campaign in 2878 secular university students in Colombia (of ~9000 total) allowed choices among 16 psychoeducational activities. The number of activities used was proportional to forgiveness experienced. For forgiveness, d = 0.36 plus substantial reductions in depression and anxiety, indicating strong public health potential of forgiveness psychoeducation in emerging adults worldwide. Full article
17 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Exploring Forgiveness through Theologically Informed Education: Lessons from Judaism
by Yitzhak Ben Yair, Sarel Ohayon, Natti Ronel and Suzanne Freedman
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090926 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 166
Abstract
Education serves as the primary line of defense against crime and other psychological difficulties. Children exposed to adversity and emotional challenges may be susceptible to various risks, potentially leading to criminal activities. Forgiveness has been demonstrated as a healing influence in the lives [...] Read more.
Education serves as the primary line of defense against crime and other psychological difficulties. Children exposed to adversity and emotional challenges may be susceptible to various risks, potentially leading to criminal activities. Forgiveness has been demonstrated as a healing influence in the lives of individuals who have experienced hurt and accumulated negative emotions due to life events. Understanding forgiveness from a young age, in both theory and practice, may facilitate improved relationships and psychological well-being. This article underscores the significance of forgiveness education, advocating for a culturally and theologically sensitive approach. In this article we will offer an example of integrating forgiveness education principles with insights from Judaic sources. The aim is to generate insights regarding theologically sensitive forgiveness in general by focusing on Judaism. As we demonstrate, the implications of this approach extend beyond the Jewish context, and our conclusions and recommendations are applicable to diverse cultures and religions worldwide. Full article
12 pages, 260 KiB  
Perspective
Incorporating the Developmental Considerations in a Proposed Forgiveness Education Intervention for Suicidal Adolescents
by Jiahe Wang Xu, Shih-Tseng Tina Huang and Robert D. Enright
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090925 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 148
Abstract
This paper first explores the risk factors associated with adolescents’ suicidal thoughts, attempts, and behaviors within different developmental domains and in the environment, using the developmental systems theory (DST). The most frequently identified risk factor for suicide, psychological pain, is examined in terms [...] Read more.
This paper first explores the risk factors associated with adolescents’ suicidal thoughts, attempts, and behaviors within different developmental domains and in the environment, using the developmental systems theory (DST). The most frequently identified risk factor for suicide, psychological pain, is examined in terms of its nature, expression, and possible cause. This paper criticizes the current empirical research of suicidal adolescents’ interventions on two issues: (1) lack of concern for fundamental issues in lifespan development and (2) inadequate treatment of the emotional needs resulting from the psychological pain in adolescents. Finally, this paper proposes forgiveness education intervention as targeting the emotional needs, particularly psychological pain, for suicidal adolescents. Full article
11 pages, 181 KiB  
Perspective
Ten Years of Teaching Forgiveness Education in the Schools of Greece: Looking toward the Future
by Peli Galiti
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090924 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 171
Abstract
This article presents the accumulated experience and outcomes after ten years of forgiveness education (FE) in the schools of Greece. The author implemented the program throughout Greece by publishing new books on FE adapted to the Greek culture and training an interdisciplinary team [...] Read more.
This article presents the accumulated experience and outcomes after ten years of forgiveness education (FE) in the schools of Greece. The author implemented the program throughout Greece by publishing new books on FE adapted to the Greek culture and training an interdisciplinary team of educators through both in-person and online workshops in several Greek cities. Using feedback from the experiences of the trained teachers and the participating students, a lot of valuable information was obtained for the future expansion of forgiveness education programs. Our objective is to provide a conceptual map for educators so that they may be better equipped when designing their own implementation plans for forgiveness education programs in other schools and countries. Dissemination practices and innovative methods are suggested. Recommendations for the future also include steps for the development and growth of FE in institutions and settings outside the school environment, thus spreading FE concepts and the resultant new ways of thinking and practices throughout the community. Full article
13 pages, 654 KiB  
Article
A Qualitative Exploration into How Teachers Understand and Practice Forgiveness
by Corinne DenHartog
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090923 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 136
Abstract
Forgiveness, though hard for many to simply define in concrete terms, is not necessarily a foreign concept or practice for the average individual. In an attempt to further understanding of forgiveness, the present study gathered the thoughts, opinions, and experiences of a specific [...] Read more.
Forgiveness, though hard for many to simply define in concrete terms, is not necessarily a foreign concept or practice for the average individual. In an attempt to further understanding of forgiveness, the present study gathered the thoughts, opinions, and experiences of a specific community of individuals, public school teachers. Using a series of six focus group interviews, analysis of data produced insights and conclusions related to how teachers understand forgiveness in theory and practice, how they practice forgiveness within their jobs, and their thoughts on forgiveness or virtue education within schools. Thematic analysis is presented with quotational support and a discussion of application to both forgiveness theory and future forgiveness education pursuits is offered in summation. Due to the many mental, emotional, and physical health benefits associated with forgiveness, the value of exploring forgiveness and forgiveness education is readily evident. This study provides a glimpse into the experiences of a community of individuals who practice forgiveness regularly within the context of their jobs as public school educators. Full article
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