Do Geopolitical Tensions and Economic Policy Uncertainties Reorient Mineral Imports in the USA? A Fat-Tailed Data Analysis Using Novel Quantile Approaches
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
The paper entitled "Do Geopolitical Tensions and Economic Policy Uncertainties Reorient Mineral Imports in the USA? A Fat-tailed Data Analysis Using Novel Quantile Approaches", provide a method to estimate the response of mineral import demand to global geopolitical risk events and economic policy uncertainty, some comments are suggested:
- In the abstract do not understand the concepts of M1:1996 to M12:2020.
- The abstract must be a maximum of 250 words, and must contain a research problem, context, essential characteristics of the study methodology, results and conclusions and implications or applications.
- The paper does not contain the number of lines.
- The novelty of the paper is not evident in the introduction section, show the novelty clearly. Clearly state the contributions in a list in the introduction section.
- Explain the meaning of some abbreviations (USA, and others).
- Add a section named “Literal Review and Background Work” and move the contents of the literature review from the “introduction” and from “Materials and Methods” there.
- Add the refernce for this sentence: "The critical minerals usage is myriads in every aspect of life. Minerals help generate electricity, fuel vehicles, heat homes and workplaces, and manufacture plastics. Since the previous decade, mineral usage has increased significantly due to the global attempt to materialize the visionary agenda of clean energy transitions".
- Give examples and references of international markets what have witnessed an explosive demand surge for critical minerals.
- Wich are the main resources that can be produced domestically in the USA to meet domestic needs, and the others that must be imported from diverse nations ?.
- In the introduction there are many sentences without reference, and they appear as value judgments in the paper. ("minerals have been essential to human progress." "In modern society, high-tech sectors have elevated the demands for different obscure minerals." "Recently, various natural metallic elements, including silicon, germanium, and compounds like gallium arsenide, have been used in microchips of electronic gadgets." "Although the world has enough of the majority of minerals to suit current needs, their supply is not always guaranteed."As one of the largest minerals importing countries in the world, the USA typically imports its mineral commodities from many nations.")
- The justification for to apply the cross-quantilogram (CQ) and the quantile on quantile (QQ) methods is not enough (sophisticated and novel econometric techniques).
- The following statement is not correct in a research paper: "We contribute enormously to the existing works of empirical literature".
- The selection of the sample period must be clearly justified (1st January 1996 to 31st December 2020).
- The authors must clearly and specifically describe the consequences of nullifies their hypothesis of having the normal distribution of the data properties; besides, the dataset is less skewed and has a more or less high (fattailed) kurtosis distribution mainly in the case of UGPR and GGPR, because it is the essence of the application of the methodologies used.
- The econometric models used to solve the problem under study have stationarity problems, how do they solve these drawbacks?.
- Add in the conclusions limitations and future research.
Author Response
Do Geopolitical Tensions and Economic Policy Uncertainties Reorient Mineral Imports in the USA? A Fat-tailed Data Analysis Using Novel Quantile Approaches
Manuscript ID: mathematics-2087480
The paper entitled "Do Geopolitical Tensions and Economic Policy Uncertainties Reorient Mineral Imports in the USA? A Fat-tailed Data Analysis Using Novel Quantile Approaches", provide a method to estimate the response of mineral import demand to global geopolitical risk events and economic policy uncertainty, some comments are suggested:
- In the abstract do not understand the concepts of M1:1996 to M12:2020.
Response: Thanks for your keen observation. We have clarified this issue.
- The abstract must be a maximum of 250 words, and must contain a research problem, context, essential characteristics of the study methodology, results and conclusions and implications or applications.
Response: Thanks for your thoughtful guidance. We have written research problem, context, important features of the methodology, results and policy implications in the abstract for readers’ understanding.
- The paper does not contain the number of lines.
Response: Thanks for your comment. We have added lines in the manuscript.
- The novelty of the paper is not evident in the introduction section, show the novelty clearly. Clearly state the contributions in a list in the introduction section.
Response: Thanks for your valuable comments. We have added novelty of the study in the contribution section. We have also listed the contribution of this paper in the introduction section.
- Explain the meaning of some abbreviations (USA, and others).
Response: Thanks for your verification. We have elaborated the USA and other jargons used in the study.
- Add a section named “Literal Review and Background Work” and move the contents of the literature review from the “introduction” and from “Materials and Methods” there.
Response: Thanks for your keen observations. We have added separate “literature review and background works” section in the manuscript.
- Add the refernce for this sentence: "The critical minerals usage is myriads in every aspect of life. Minerals help generate electricity, fuel vehicles, heat homes and workplaces, and manufacture plastics. Since the previous decade, mineral usage has increased significantly due to the global attempt to materialize the visionary agenda of clean energy transitions".
Response: Thanks for your suggestion. We have added reference for this sentence.
- Give examples and references of international markets what have witnessed an explosive demand surge for critical minerals.
Response: Thanks for your keen observation. We have given example to prove this sentence in the manuscript.
- Wich are the main resources that can be produced domestically in the USA to meet domestic needs, and the others that must be imported from diverse nations ?.
Response: Thanks for your valuable suggestions. We have mentioned the lists of domestically produced minerals resources of the USA and what are to be imported from external countries.
- In the introduction there are many sentences without reference, and they appear as value judgments in the paper. ("minerals have been essential to human progress." "In modern society, high-tech sectors have elevated the demands for different obscure minerals." "Recently, various natural metallic elements, including silicon, germanium, and compounds like gallium arsenide, have been used in microchips of electronic gadgets." "Although the world has enough of the majority of minerals to suit current needs, their supply is not always guaranteed."As one of the largest minerals importing countries in the world, the USA typically imports its mineral commodities from many nations.")
Response: Thanks for your keen observations. We have put references for these sentences mentioned above by you.
- The justification for to apply the cross-quantilogram (CQ) and the quantile on quantile (QQ) methods is not enough (sophisticated and novel econometric techniques).
Response: Thanks for your suggestions. In the methodology section, we have elaborately explained the logic using these two sophisticated techniques.
- The following statement is not correct in a research paper: "We contribute enormously to the existing works of empirical literature".
Response: Thanks for your suggestions. We have changed the sentence.
- The selection of the sample period must be clearly justified (1st January 1996 to 31st December 2020).
Response: Thanks for your recommendations. We have put five grounds behind selecting this time span for our study.
- The authors must clearly and specifically describe the consequences of nullifies their hypothesis of having the normal distribution of the data properties; besides, the dataset is less skewed and has a more or less high (fattailed) kurtosis distribution mainly in the case of UGPR and GGPR, because it is the essence of the application of the methodologies used.
Response: Thanks for your keen observations. We have clarified the issue you mentioned.
- The econometric models used to solve the problem under study have stationarity problems, how do they solve these drawbacks?.
Response: Thanks for your guidance. we have used the KSS unit root test due to having nonlinear characteristics of our data property. Thus, we have solved the stationarity problem of the data property.
- Add in the conclusions limitations and future research.
Response: Thanks for your suggestion. We have written the limitations of this study and suggested the direction for the further research.
N.B: Revisions are marked by green colors in the manuscript.
Kind regards,
Corresponding author
Author Response File: 
Author Response.docx
Reviewer 2 Report
he manuscript entitled: “Do Geopolitical Tensions and Economic Policy Uncertainties Reorient Mineral Imports in the USA? A Fat-tailed Data Analysis Using Novel Quantile Approaches” needs some additional work before being published, namely:
1. The abstract needs to be rewritten indicating the main results of this research
2. In the introduction, the authors must clearly define the objectives of this investigation to capture the readers' attention.
3. It is necessary to introduce a separate section of the literature review. In this section, authors must present conclusions from recent works.
4. More information is needed on the data and statistics used. Furthermore, it lacks a set of preliminary tests such as first and second-generation unit roots.
5. In the conclusions, the authors need to present recommendations for economic policy and society.
Author Response
Do Geopolitical Tensions and Economic Policy Uncertainties Reorient Mineral Imports in the USA? A Fat-tailed Data Analysis Using Novel Quantile Approaches
Manuscript ID: mathematics-2087480
Comments and Suggestions for Authors
The manuscript entitled: “Do Geopolitical Tensions and Economic Policy Uncertainties Reorient Mineral Imports in the USA? A Fat-tailed Data Analysis Using Novel Quantile Approaches” needs some additional work before being published, namely:
- The abstract needs to be rewritten indicating the main results of this research
Response: Thanks a lot for your thoughtful suggestion. We have written the main results of our research.
- In the introduction, the authors must clearly define the objectives of this investigation to capture the readers' attention.
Response: Thanks for your valuable suggestion. We have defined the objective of this investigation in the introduction.
- It is necessary to introduce a separate section of the literature review. In this section, authors must present conclusions from recent works.
Response: Thanks for your keen observation and guidance. We have added a separate literature review section to the manuscript.
- More information is needed on the data and statistics used. Furthermore, it lacks a set of preliminary tests such as first and second-generation unit roots.
Response: Thank you very much for your recommendation. We have provided more information on the data and descriptive statistics. More importantly, we have used the KSS unit root test due to having nonlinear characteristics of our data property.
- In the conclusions, the authors need to present recommendations for economic policy and society.
Response: Thanks for your thoughtful suggestion. We have written suggestions for economic policy and society.
N.B: The revisions in the manuscript are marked by the GREEN color.
Kind regards,
Corresponding author
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Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
Round 2
Reviewer 2 Report
Considering the revised realised by the authors, the paper can be accepted.
