Factors Predicting Older Patients′ Family Involvement by Nursing Staff in Hospitals: The View of Hospital Nurses in Israel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Family Members during Hospitalization
1.2. Family Members’ Involvement: Factors and Characteristics
1.3. Staff–Family Members Interactions
1.4. Staff Members’ Perceptions Regarding Older Patients’ Family Members
1.5. Factors Related to Staff Perception of Family Members
1.6. The Family-Centered Approach
1.7. Research Aims
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants and Data Collection
2.3. Variables and Measurements
2.3.1. Demographic Characteristics
2.3.2. Families’ Importance in Nursing Care: Nurses’ Attitudes (FINC-NA) Questionnaire
2.3.3. Staff Behavior: Involving Family Members in Care
2.3.4. Perception of Interactions with Family Members
- Family behaviors towards the staff using the Family Behavior Scale [52], with an internal reliability of 0.69. The questionnaire has four items. For example: “The family treats you with respect,” with five possible answers, from 1 = never to 5 = always. The questionnaire was forward- and backward-translated to Hebrew by experts in the field; however, they have not previously undergone a validation study. In the present study, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.72.
- Communication of the family with the staff was examined via eight items based on the short version of the Verbal Abuse Scale (VAS) questionnaire [53] originally developed by Manderino and Banton [54]. The original includes 11 statements and has an internal reliability of 0.86. The short scale includes 8 statements, while the internal validity and reliability testing was not undertaken [53]. Each item has five possible answers, from 1 = very little or not at all to 5 = to a great extent. The aim of the questionnaire is to indicate ineffective communication. Example statement: “Family members speaks to you in a condescending manner.” The questionnaire was forward- and backward-translated to Hebrew by experts in the field; however, they had not previously undergone a validation study. In the present study, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.95.
- Conflicts with family members were examined using the Frequency of Interpersonal Conflict Scale [55] (internal reliability 0.86), which includes eight items on different issues around which conflicts may arise, such as personal care, meals, laundry or listening to patient’s needs. For example: “How often do you have arguments or conflicts with family members about meals/food?” Each item has five possible answers, from 1 = never to 5 = every day. The questionnaire was forward- and backward-translated to Hebrew by experts in the field; however, they had not previously undergone a validation study. In the present study, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.91.
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Relationship among Study Measures
3.3. Multiple Regression Analysis Predicting Staff Behavior
3.4. Interactions as Mediating between FINC-NA and Staff Behavior
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | % | M | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender a | Female | 120 | 67.00% | ||
Male | 58 | 32.40% | |||
Age b | 23–35 | 63 | 35.20% | 40.6 | 10.5 |
36–50 | 67 | 37.40% | |||
51 and older | 35 | 19.60% | |||
Marital Status c | Married | 135 | 75.40% | ||
Single | 27 | 15.10% | |||
Divorced | 12 | 6.70% | |||
Widowed | 3 | 1.70% | |||
Religion d | Jewish | 66 | 36.90% | ||
Muslim | 46 | 25.70% | |||
Christian | 49 | 27.40% | |||
Druze | 7 | 3.90% | |||
Education c | Certificate | 23 | 12.80% | ||
Bachelor’s degree | 95 | 53.10% | |||
Master’s degree | 59 | 33.00% | |||
Professional position e | Certified nurse no leadership responsibilities | 141 | 78.80% | ||
Certified nurse with leadership responsibilities | 34 | 19.00% | |||
Years in profession | Range = (1–45) | 13.8 | 10.9 | ||
Job percentages e | Full time job | 119 | 66.50% | ||
Part time job | 56 | 31.30% |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Staff Behavior | 1 | |||||||
2. Interactions–Family Behaviors | 0.20 ** | 1 | ||||||
3. Interactions-Communication | −0.11 | −0.60 *** | 1 | |||||
4. Interactions-Conflict | −0.26 *** | −0.32 *** | 0.45 *** | 1 | ||||
5. Fam-RNC | 0.41 *** | 0.12 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 1 | |||
6. Fam-CP | 0.50 *** | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.72 *** | 1 | ||
7. Fam-B | −0.24 ** | −0.36 *** | 0.32 *** | 0.36 *** | −0.13 * | −0.06 | 1 | |
8. Fam-OR | 0.56 *** | 0.20 ** | −0.06 | −0.04 | 0.65 *** | 0.69 *** | −0.17 * | 1 |
9. FINC-NA (total) | 0.55 *** | 0.18 ** | −0.12 | −0.08 | 0.90 *** | 0.87 *** | −0.36 *** | 0.81 *** |
Predictor Variable | B | SE | β | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1: (Constant) | 3.74 | 0.11 | 35.09 | <0.001 | |
Bachelor’s degree | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.31 | 2.75 | 0.007 |
Master’s degree | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 2.67 | 0.008 |
Step 1: (Constant) | 2.38 | 0.38 | 6.27 | <0.001 | |
Bachelor’s degree | 0.22 | 0.1 | 0.21 | 2.24 | 0.026 |
Master’s degree | 0.16 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 1.57 | 0.117 |
Interactions-Family Behaviors | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 1.02 | 0.309 |
Interactions-Communication | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.99 | 0.323 |
Interactions-Conflict | −0.12 | 0.04 | −0.20 | −2.84 | 0.005 |
Fam-RNC | −0.07 | 0.08 | −0.08 | −0.89 | 0.374 |
Fam-CP | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 3.3 | 0.001 |
Fam-B | −0.05 | 0.04 | −0.09 | −1.31 | 0.191 |
Fam-OR | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 3.89 | <0.001 |
Mediator | Effect | SE | 95% BC CI ‡ |
---|---|---|---|
Total | −0.06 | 0.03 | [−0.12, −0.01] |
Family Behaviors | −0.03 | 0.02 | [−0.08, 0.01] |
Communication | 0.02 | 0.03 | [−0.03, 0.08] |
Conflict | −0.05 | 0.02 | [−0.10, −0.01] |
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Halperin, D.; Mashiach-Eizenberg, M.; Vinarski-Peretz, H.; Idilbi, N. Factors Predicting Older Patients′ Family Involvement by Nursing Staff in Hospitals: The View of Hospital Nurses in Israel. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101921
Halperin D, Mashiach-Eizenberg M, Vinarski-Peretz H, Idilbi N. Factors Predicting Older Patients′ Family Involvement by Nursing Staff in Hospitals: The View of Hospital Nurses in Israel. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101921
Chicago/Turabian StyleHalperin, Dafna, Michal Mashiach-Eizenberg, Hedva Vinarski-Peretz, and Nasra Idilbi. 2022. "Factors Predicting Older Patients′ Family Involvement by Nursing Staff in Hospitals: The View of Hospital Nurses in Israel" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101921
APA StyleHalperin, D., Mashiach-Eizenberg, M., Vinarski-Peretz, H., & Idilbi, N. (2022). Factors Predicting Older Patients′ Family Involvement by Nursing Staff in Hospitals: The View of Hospital Nurses in Israel. Healthcare, 10(10), 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101921