Clinical Application of Individualized 3D-Printed Templates in the Treatment of Condylar Osteochondroma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Bone, Facial Soft Tissue, and Vascular Bundle
2.3. 3D Cephalometric Analyses
2.4. Virtual Surgery and Individualized 3D-Printed Template Design
2.5. Facial Morphology Simulation
2.6. Surgical Procedures
2.7. Postoperative Validation and Follow-Up
2.7.1. Clinical Evaluations
2.7.2. Accuracy Evaluation of DOS and DOT
2.7.3. 3D Cephalometry
2.7.4. TMJ Space Measurements
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of Clinical Features
3.2. Evaluation of the Accuracy of Condylar Osteotomy with DOS and DOT
3.3. Changes on 3D Cephalometric Analyses
3.4. Changes in Joint Space
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Landmarkers | Definition |
Orbitale (Or) | The most inferior point on margin of the orbit |
Porion (Po) | The most superior point of the outline of the external auditory meatus |
Codyle (Co) | The most superior point of the condyle |
Nasion (N) | The midpoint of the frontonasal suture |
Nasion of soft tissue (N*) | The soft tissue nasion |
Sella (S) | The center of the hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica) |
Gonion (Go) | The most caudal and most posterior point of the mandibular angle |
B point | The most concave point on the mandibular symphysis |
Pogonion (Pog) | The most anterior midpoint of chin |
Pogonion of soft tissue (Pog*) | The most anterior midpoint of soft chin |
FH plane | The plane defined by point OrL, OrR, and point Mid Po |
Midsagittal plane (SP) | The plane through point S, point N, and the normal plane FH, with mirror function |
Measurement | Definition |
Go-FH, mm | The shortest distance between the gonion and the Frankfort plane |
Go-SP, mm | The shortest distance between the gonion and the SP |
B-SP, mm | The shortest distance between the B and the SP |
Pog-SP, mm | The shortest distance between the Pog and the SP |
Pog*-SP, mm | The shortest distance between the Pog* and the SP |
B deviated angle, ° | The angle between the SP and the B-nasion vector |
Pog* deviated angle, ° | The angle between the SP and the Pog*-soft tissue nasion vector |
Case No. | Mouth Opening (mm) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | Gender | Affected Side | Facial Nerve Injury | Preop. | Postop. | Follow-Up (Months) | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | 23 21 27 25 29 31 28 32 | F M F M F F F M | L R L L L R R L | No No No No No No No No | 29 27.5 28.5 31 29.5 28.5 27 28.5 | 33 31 32 33 34.5 31 32 33 | 20 14 24 19 30 18 25 13 |
Average | 27 | - | - | - | 28.7 | 32.4 | 20.4 |
Patients | Critical Range (mm) | Max DV (Buccal) | Max DV (Lingual) | Max DV (Mesial) | Max DV (Distal) | Mean DV | Standard DV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.99~−2.99 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.52 | 1.04 | 0.4988 | 0.6401 |
2 | 2.99~−2.99 | 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.75 | 1.22 | 0.6254 | 0.7041 |
3 | 2.99~−2.99 | 0.91 | 1.21 | 1.46 | 1.31 | 0.6180 | 0.6956 |
4 | 2.99~−2.99 | 1.05 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 0.97 | 0.5262 | 0.6182 |
5 | 2.99~−2.99 | 0.94 | 1.29 | 1.02 | 1.34 | 0.5715 | 0.6529 |
6 | 2.99~−2.99 | 1.15 | 1.22 | 1.38 | 1.27 | 0.6526 | 0.7251 |
7 | 2.99~−2.99 | 1.33 | 1.04 | 1.15 | 1.08 | 0.5420 | 0.6624 |
8 | 2.99~−2.99 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.21 | 1.09 | 0.6024 | 0.7211 |
Average | - | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.34 | 1.17 | 0.5796 | 0.6774 |
T0 | T1 | T2 | p Value | Post Hoc Comparisons | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OC-affected side | |||||
Go-FH, mm | 69.81 ± 2.82 | 64.5 ± 2.8 | 62.79 ± 2.26 | 0.001 | T0 > T1, T2 |
Go-SP, mm | 39.23 ± 2.49 | 39.43 ± 2.68 | 40.24 ± 2.57 | 0.712 | - |
Non-OC affected side | |||||
Go-FH, mm | 62.38 ± 2.2 | 62.99 ± 1.91 | 63.1 ± 2.06 | 0.754 | - |
Go-SP, mm | 44.86 ± 2.63 | 41.75 ± 2.59 | 41.75 ± 2.48 | 0.053 | - |
B-SP, mm | 9.73 ± 0.83 | 4.26 ± 0.68 | 1.4 ± 0.31 | 0.001 | T0 > T1 > T2 |
Pog-SP, mm | 10.34 ± 0.64 | 4.52 ± 0.81 | 1.51 ± 0.34 | 0.001 | T0 > T1 > T2 |
Pog*-SP, mm | 10.14 ± 0.62 | 4.33 ± 0.8 | 1.43 ± 0.28 | 0.001 | T0 > T1 > T2 |
B deviated angle, ° | 5.73 ± 0.68 | 1.93 ± 0.35 | 1.14 ± 0.37 | 0.001 | T0 > T1 > T2 |
Pog* deviated angle, ° | 5.78 ± 0.57 | 1.45 ± 0.31 | 0.94 ± 0.39 | 0.001 | T0 > T1, T2 |
T0p (Mean ± SD) | T1 (Mean ± SD) | T2 (Mean ± SD) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OC-Afs | Ufs | Dif | OC-Afs | Ufs | Dif | OC-Afs | Ufs | Dif | |
AJS | 2.23 ± 0.28 | 1.84 ± 0.18 | 0.39 ± 0.34 | 1.75 ± 0.24 | 1.56 ± 0.41 | 0.19 ± 0.41 | 2.53 ± 0.43 | 1.75 ± 0.24 | 0.78 ± 0.58 |
SJS | 3.99 ± 0.31 | 2.41 ± 0.2 | 1.58 ± 0.24 | 3.93 ± 0.38 | 2.95 ± 0.24 | 0.98 ± 0.37 | 4.26 ± 0.67 | 3.36 ± 0.27 | 0.9 ± 0.92 |
PJS | 4.83 ± 0.25 | 1.65 ± 0.24 | 3.18 ± 0.15 | 4.46 ± 0.82 | 2.15 ± 0.24 | 2.31 ± 0.98 | 4.81 ± 0.72 | 2.56 ± 0.43 | 2.25 ± 0.99 |
MJS | 7.05 ± 0.24 | 4.6 ± 0.32 | 2.45 ± 0.36 | 8.41 ± 1.04 | 4.76 ± 0.27 | 3.65 ± 1.28 | 9.28 ± 0.73 | 5.93 ± 0.36 | 3.35 ± 0.78 |
LJS | 3.41 ± 0.29 | 2.69 ± 0.34 | 0.73 ± 0.15 | 4.19 ± 0.63 | 2.94 ± 0.27 | 1.25 ± 0.79 | 4.19 ± 0.71 | 2.78 ± 0.28 | 1.41 ± 0.97 |
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Ma, W.; Niu, S.; Wang, L.; Peng, C.; Fu, S.; Zhang, C.; Cui, Q.; Wang, S.; Li, M.; Xu, Y. Clinical Application of Individualized 3D-Printed Templates in the Treatment of Condylar Osteochondroma. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112163
Ma W, Niu S, Wang L, Peng C, Fu S, Zhang C, Cui Q, Wang S, Li M, Xu Y. Clinical Application of Individualized 3D-Printed Templates in the Treatment of Condylar Osteochondroma. Healthcare. 2022; 10(11):2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112163
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Wen, Shiwei Niu, Lidong Wang, Canbang Peng, Shuai Fu, Changbin Zhang, Qingying Cui, Sihang Wang, Ming Li, and Yanhua Xu. 2022. "Clinical Application of Individualized 3D-Printed Templates in the Treatment of Condylar Osteochondroma" Healthcare 10, no. 11: 2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112163