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Volume 10
Issue 11
10.3390/healthcare10112173
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Article

Comprehensive Assessment of the Universal Healthcare System in Dentistry Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study

by
Shy Chwen Ni
1,
Carlos Thomas
2,
Yu Yonezawa
3,
Yasushi Hojo
1,
Takehiko Nakamura
1,
Kenichiro Kobayashi
1,
Hiroki Sato
1,
John D. Da Silva
1,
Takuya Kobayashi
3 and
Shigemi Ishikawa-Nagai
1,3,*
1
Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2
Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
3
School of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2022, 10(11), 2173; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112173
Submission received: 2 October 2022 / Revised: 27 October 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 30 October 2022
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Abstract

Japan’s universal healthcare insurance is facing economic challenges due to the advanced aging society, however, objective data of dental expenditure has never been introduced. This study aimed to identify the associated factors with dental expenditures using government-provided digitized insurance claims data and calculated the spending in the context of dental cost per person (DCPP). Seven associated factors analyzed were age, demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, regional wealth, the impact of the 8020-national campaign implementation (keep 20 teeth at age 80), and the effect of the home-visit dentistry for the elders. The average DCPP was high in older populations (75+) in all prefectures. The prefectures with the highest and lowest DCPP were significant compared to other states and retained their respective places in the cost hierarchy over the four years. The prefectures with more citizens participating in government assistance programs (GAP) had greater DCPPs. Dental costs were significantly related to geographic regions, age, per capita income, government assistance program prevalence, office complete denture frequency, and home visit care per patient. With a growing aging population, dental care costs will continue to increase, burdening its fiscal future. Associated factors identified should be considered to control the contentious increase of healthcare cost.
Keywords: universal healthcare system; dentistry; health policy; expenditure; aging society universal healthcare system; dentistry; health policy; expenditure; aging society

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ni, S.C.; Thomas, C.; Yonezawa, Y.; Hojo, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Kobayashi, K.; Sato, H.; Da Silva, J.D.; Kobayashi, T.; Ishikawa-Nagai, S. Comprehensive Assessment of the Universal Healthcare System in Dentistry Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112173

AMA Style

Ni SC, Thomas C, Yonezawa Y, Hojo Y, Nakamura T, Kobayashi K, Sato H, Da Silva JD, Kobayashi T, Ishikawa-Nagai S. Comprehensive Assessment of the Universal Healthcare System in Dentistry Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study. Healthcare. 2022; 10(11):2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112173

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ni, Shy Chwen, Carlos Thomas, Yu Yonezawa, Yasushi Hojo, Takehiko Nakamura, Kenichiro Kobayashi, Hiroki Sato, John D. Da Silva, Takuya Kobayashi, and Shigemi Ishikawa-Nagai. 2022. "Comprehensive Assessment of the Universal Healthcare System in Dentistry Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study" Healthcare 10, no. 11: 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112173

APA Style

Ni, S. C., Thomas, C., Yonezawa, Y., Hojo, Y., Nakamura, T., Kobayashi, K., Sato, H., Da Silva, J. D., Kobayashi, T., & Ishikawa-Nagai, S. (2022). Comprehensive Assessment of the Universal Healthcare System in Dentistry Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study. Healthcare, 10(11), 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112173

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