Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Dental Caries and Life Habits in School Age Italian Children
Abstract
:1. Keynotes
2. Introduction
3. Materials and Methods
- Breastfeeding
- Bottle feeding
- Night-time feeding
- Child allergies
- Child mucolytics or cough suppressants
- Child mouth breathing
- Child systemic fluoride
- Child daily number of brushings
- Fluoride toothpaste
- Child dental flossing
- Pacifier
- Bacterial Colonization
- Honey
- Night-time bottle
- Child sex
- Single mother
- Mother No. of children
- Smoking mother
- Mother caries
- Mother annual dental visits
- Mother daily brushing
- Mother systemic fluoride during pregnancy
- Smoking father
- Father annual dental visits
- Father caries
- Sex
- Age
- Presence/absence of caries
- Number of decayed teeth
4. Statistical Analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Caries | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
NO | YES | |||
Breastfeeding | NO | 20 (55.6%) | 16 (44.4%) | 0.551 |
YES | 164 (60.7%) | 106 (39.3%) | ||
Bottle feeding | NO | 72 (54.5%) | 60 (45.5%) | 0.106 |
YES | 109 (63.7%) | 62 (36.3%) | ||
Night-time feeding | NO | 119 (57.8%) | 87 (42.2%) | 0.179 |
YES | 62 (66%) | 32 (34%) | ||
Child allergies | NO | 154 (60.9%) | 99 (39.1%) | 0.365 |
YES | 27 (54%) | 23 (46%) | ||
Child mucolytics or cough suppressants | NO | 124 (59.3%) | 85 (40.7%) | 0.994 |
YES | 57 (59.4%) | 39 (40.6%) | ||
Child mouth breathing | NO | 143 (58.6%) | 101 (41.4%) | 0.448 |
YES | 39 (63.9%) | 22 (36.1%) | ||
Child systemic fluoride | NO | 156 (61.7%) | 97 (38.3%) | 0.138 |
YES | 23 (50.5%) | 23 (50%) | ||
Child daily number of brushing | 0 | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 0.276 |
1 | 28 (65.1%) | 15 (34.9%) | ||
2 | 133 (58.1%) | 96 (41.9%) | ||
3 | 23 (69.7%) | 10 (30.3%) | ||
4 | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | ||
Fluoride toothpaste | NO | 38 (52.1%) | 35 (47.9%) | 0.119 |
YES | 147 (62.3%) | 89 (37.7%) | ||
Child dental flossing | NO | 178 (60.8%) | 115 (39.2%) | 0.177 |
YES | 7 (43.8%) | 9 (56.3%) | ||
Pacifier | NO | 73 (56.6%) | 56 (43.4%) | 0.29 |
YES | 112 (62.6%) | 67 (37.4%) | ||
Bacterial colonization | NO | 124 (61.4%) | 78 (38.6%) | 0.489 |
YES | 59 (57.3%) | 44 (42.7%) | ||
Honey | NO | 176 (60.7%) | 114 (39.3%) | 0.027 * |
YES | 3 (27.3%) | 8 (72.7%) | ||
Night-time bottle | NO | 147 (56.8%) | 112 (43.2%) | 0.013 * |
YES | 31 (77.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | ||
Child sex | F | 109 (68.1%) | 51 (31.9%) | 0.005 * |
M | 88 (53%) | 78 (47%) | ||
Single mother | NO | 181 (60.5%) | 118 (39.5%) | 0.878 |
YES | 7 (58.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | ||
Mother No. of children | 1 | 49 (58.3%) | 35 (41.7%) | 0.199 |
2 | 94 (64.8%) | 51 (35.2%) | ||
3 | 34 (56.7%) | 26 (43.3%) | ||
4 | 2 (28.6%) | 5 (71.4%) | ||
Smoking mother | NO | 134 (61.5%) | 84 (38.5%) | 0.648 |
YES | 54 (58.7%) | 38 (41.3%) | ||
Mother caries | NO | 36 (70.6%) | 15 (29.4%) | 0.107 |
YES | 151 (58.5%) | 107 (41.5%) | ||
Mother annual dental visits | 0 | 9 (56.3%) | 7 (43.8%) | 0.966 |
1 | 77 (59.7%) | 52 (40.3%) | ||
2 | 99 (61.5%) | 62 (38.5%) | ||
3 | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | ||
Mother daily brushing | 1 | 7 (70%) | 3 (30%) | 0.825 |
2 | 112 (60.2%) | 74 (39.8%) | ||
3 | 67 60.4%) | 44 (39.6%) | ||
Mother systemic fluoride during pregnancy | 0 | 154 (61.1%) | 98 (38.9%) | 0.613 |
1 | 31 (57.4%) | 23 (42.6%) | ||
Smoking father | NO | 115 (60.8%) | 74 (39.2%) | 0.645 |
YES | 61 (58.1%) | 44 (41.9%) | ||
Father annual dental visits | 0 | 22 (66.7%) | 11 (33.3%) | 0.39 |
1 | 76 (62.8%) | 45 (37.2%) | ||
2 | 78 (56.1%) | 61 (43.9%) | ||
Father caries | NO | 40 (56.3%) | 31 (43.7%) | 0.486 |
YES | 136 (61%) | 87 (39%) |
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Ciribè, M.; Galeotti, A.; Dolci, C.; Gargiullo, L.; Mammone, M.; Cirillo, E.; Festa, P.; La Torre, G. Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Dental Caries and Life Habits in School Age Italian Children. Healthcare 2022, 10, 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040607
Ciribè M, Galeotti A, Dolci C, Gargiullo L, Mammone M, Cirillo E, Festa P, La Torre G. Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Dental Caries and Life Habits in School Age Italian Children. Healthcare. 2022; 10(4):607. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040607
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiribè, Massimiliano, Angela Galeotti, Chiara Dolci, Livia Gargiullo, Martina Mammone, Erika Cirillo, Paola Festa, and Giuseppe La Torre. 2022. "Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Dental Caries and Life Habits in School Age Italian Children" Healthcare 10, no. 4: 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040607