A Brief mHealth-Based Psychological Intervention in Emotion Regulation to Promote Positive Subjective Well-Being in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Brief Psychological Interventions
1.2. Emotion Regulation and Positive Well-Being
1.3. mHealth
1.4. The Present Study
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.3.1. Experimental Group
2.3.2. Control Group
2.4. Outcome Measures
2.4.1. Participant Characteristics
2.4.2. Primary Outcome
Positive Subjective Well-Being (PSWB)
2.4.3. Secondary Outcome
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
Total (N = 69) | Experimental Group (n = 34) | Control Group (n = 35) | Statistical Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (M, SD) | 63.7 (11.5) | 61.24 (11.1) | 66.1 (11.6) | t(67) = 1.77, p = 0.081 a |
Sex, n (%) | χ2(1) = 1.95, p = 0.163 b | |||
Male | 54 (78.3%) | 29 | 25 | |
Female | 15 (21.7%) | 5 | 10 | |
Marital status, n (%) | p = 0.924 c | |||
Single | 2 (2.9%) | 1 | 1 | |
Single with partner | 1 (1.4%) | 1 | 0 | |
Married | 57 (82.6%) | 28 | 29 | |
Separated | 2 (2.9%) | 1 | 1 | |
Divorced | 3 (4.3%) | 2 | 1 | |
Widowed | 4 (5.8%) | 1 | 3 | |
Employment status, n (%) | p = 0.004 c | |||
Retired | 40 (58%) | 13 | 27 | |
Full-time work | 21 (30.4%) | 15 | 6 | |
Unemployed | 6 (8.7%) | 5 | 1 | |
Home care | 2 (2.9%) | 1 | 1 | |
Educational level, n (%) | p = 0.119 c | |||
Basic primary school | 54 (78.3%) | 24 | 30 | |
High school or higher | 15 (21.7%) | 10 | 5 | |
Type of CVD, n (%) | p = 0.677 c | |||
Angina pectoris | 8 (11.6%) | 3 | 5 | |
Myocardial infarction | 33 (47.8%) | 17 | 16 | |
Heart failure | 5 (7.3%) | 1 | 4 | |
Arrhythmia | 5 (7.3%) | 2 | 3 | |
Other | 11 (15.9%) | 7 | 4 | |
More than one of the above | 7 (10.1) | 4 | 3 | |
Level of limitation of ADLs, n (%) | ||||
Level 1 | 29 (42%) | 17 | 12 | |
Level 2 | 22 (31.9%) | 10 | 12 | |
Level 3 | 14 (20.3%) | 4 | 10 | |
Level 4 | 4 (5.8%) | 3 | 1 | |
HADS (M, SD) | 1.84 (0.49) | 1.95 (0.44) | 1.73 (0.52) | t(65) = −1.88, p = 0.065 a |
P-scale (M, SD) | 3.94 (0.82) | 3.89 (0.69) | 3.99 (0.93) | t(67) = 0.50, p = 0.614 a |
3.1. Psychoeducational Session
3.2. mHealth Intervention
3.2.1. Primary Outcome
3.2.2. Secondary Outcome
Self-Efficacy for Managing the Disease
3.3. Subjective Evaluation of the Intervention
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Future Research
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Group (n = 34) | Control Group (n = 35) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | p | |
PSWB | 3.28 | 0.76 | 3.36 | 0.85 | 0.674 |
SEMCD | 7.71 | 1.79 | 6.85 | 1.92 | 0.059 |
CMSES | 4.11 | 0.66 | 4.31 | 0.47 | 0.144 |
Baseline | Post-Session (Face-to-Face) | Baseline–Post-Session Emotion Regulation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | t(33) | p | d | |
PSWB | 3.28 | 0.76 | 3.93 | 0.68 | −6.60 | <0.001 | 0.57 |
SEMCD | 7.71 | 1.79 | 8.02 | 2.00 | −1.40 | 0.170 | 1.31 |
CMSES | 4.11 | 0.66 | 4.26 | 0.67 | −2.42 | 0.021 | 0.35 |
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Farhane-Medina, N.Z.; Castillo-Mayén, R.; Luque, B.; Rubio, S.J.; Gutiérrez-Domingo, T.; Cuadrado, E.; Arenas, A.; Tabernero, C. A Brief mHealth-Based Psychological Intervention in Emotion Regulation to Promote Positive Subjective Well-Being in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091640
Farhane-Medina NZ, Castillo-Mayén R, Luque B, Rubio SJ, Gutiérrez-Domingo T, Cuadrado E, Arenas A, Tabernero C. A Brief mHealth-Based Psychological Intervention in Emotion Regulation to Promote Positive Subjective Well-Being in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare. 2022; 10(9):1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091640
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarhane-Medina, Naima Z., Rosario Castillo-Mayén, Bárbara Luque, Sebastián J. Rubio, Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo, Esther Cuadrado, Alicia Arenas, and Carmen Tabernero. 2022. "A Brief mHealth-Based Psychological Intervention in Emotion Regulation to Promote Positive Subjective Well-Being in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial" Healthcare 10, no. 9: 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091640
APA StyleFarhane-Medina, N. Z., Castillo-Mayén, R., Luque, B., Rubio, S. J., Gutiérrez-Domingo, T., Cuadrado, E., Arenas, A., & Tabernero, C. (2022). A Brief mHealth-Based Psychological Intervention in Emotion Regulation to Promote Positive Subjective Well-Being in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare, 10(9), 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091640