Physician’s Knowledge and Attitudes on Antibiotic Prescribing and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study from Hail Region of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Procedure
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Questionnaire Validation
2.4. Ethical Considerations
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. AB Resistance Experience in Daily Work
3.3. Views on the Impact of AB Prescribing Behavior on the Development of AB Resistance
3.4. AB Prescribing Behavior
3.5. Communication with Patients Regarding AB Resistance
3.6. Prescribing Practices
3.7. Delayed AB Prescribing Strategy and Practice Guidelines
3.8. Reasons for Avoiding Discussing AB Resistance with Patients
3.9. Reasons for ABs Being Prescribed without Clear Clinical Indications of Disease
3.10. Views on Evidence-Based Therapy Guidelines for AB Prescription
3.11. Sources Consulted to Obtain Current/New Information on AB Therapy
3.12. Additional Information Sources Considered Helpful for Reducing AB Resistance
3.13. Effects of Different Variables on Physicians’ Responses: A Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step A. Content and Validity | Step B. Reliability Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|
Content Search | Content Validity | Pilot Study | |
Primary Stage
| Expert Review
| Cronbach’s Analysis Physicians (n = 10) Alpha value = 0.73 | Retest Analysis Physicians (n = 10) ICC value = 0.5 |
Parameters | Total 221 (100%) | Age Groups | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25–30 Years 19 (9.5%) | 31–40 Years 79 (39.3%) | 41–50 Years 66 (32.8%) | >50 Years 37 (18.4%) | |||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 124 (61.7) | 10 (5.0) | 48 (23.9) | 38 (18.9) | 28 (13.9) | 0.238 |
Female | 77 (38.3) | 9 (4.5) | 31 (15.4) | 28 (13.9) | 9 (4.5) | |
Specialization | ||||||
General practitioner | 70 (34.8) | 18 (9.0) | 34 (16.9) | 11 (5.5) | 7 (3.5) | <0.05 |
Internal Medicine | 19 (9.5) | 0 | 13 (6.5) | 4 (2.0) | 2 (1.0) | |
Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 24 (11.9) | 0 | 6 (3.0) | 8 (4.0) | 10 (5.0) | |
ENT | 10 (5.0) | 0 | 3 (1.5) | 6 (3.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
Pulmonology | 12 (6.0) | 0 | 3 (1.5) | 4 (2.0) | 5 (2.5) | |
Pediatrics | 14 (7.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (2.0) | 7 (3.5) | 5 (2.5) | |
Urology and Nephrology | 12 (6.0) | 0 | 6 (3.0) | 5 (2.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
Cardiology | 9 (4.5) | 0 | 3 (1.5) | 5 (2.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
Psychiatry | 5 (2.5) | 0 | 3 (1.5) | 2 (1.0) | 0 | |
Surgeon and General Surgery | 3 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (1.0) | |
Plastic Surgery | 4 (2.0) | 0 | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
Anesthesiology | 5 (2.5) | 0 | 3 (1.5) | 2 (1.0) | 0 | |
Dermatology | 3 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | |
Ophthalmology | 5 (2.5) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 4 (2.0) | 0 | |
Orthopedics | 6 (3.0) | 0 | 0 | 6 (3.0) | 0 | |
Sector of Employment | ||||||
General—Specialized Hospitals | 112 (56.3) | 15 (7.5) | 44 (22.1) | 31 (15.6) | 22 (11.1) | 0.187 |
Govt Primary Care Centers | 32 (16.1) | 2 (1.0) | 13 (6.5) | 13 (6.5) | 4 (2.0) | |
Private Hospitals/Clinics | 55 (27.6) | 1 (0.5) | 21 (10.6) | 21 (10.6) | 12 (6.0) |
Visits per Quarter (Three Months) to the Clinic | Frequency | Percent | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
≤100 | 27 | 13.36 | 2.25–16.3 |
101–300 | 46 | 23.10 | 5.12–24.7 |
301–500 | 50 | 25.10 | 5.78–31.3 |
501–800 | 38 | 19.10 | 0.84–19.7 |
801–1200 | 17 | 8.50 | 3.80–12.3 |
1201–1600 | 9 | 4.50 | 0.137–4.64 |
>1600 | 12 | 6.00 | 2.34–7.84 |
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Share and Cite
Almansour, K.; Malik, J.A.; Rashid, I.; Ahmed, S.; Aroosa, M.; Alenezi, J.M.; Almatrafi, M.A.; Alshammari, A.A.; Khan, K.U.; Anwar, S. Physician’s Knowledge and Attitudes on Antibiotic Prescribing and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study from Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare 2023, 11, 1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111576
Almansour K, Malik JA, Rashid I, Ahmed S, Aroosa M, Alenezi JM, Almatrafi MA, Alshammari AA, Khan KU, Anwar S. Physician’s Knowledge and Attitudes on Antibiotic Prescribing and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study from Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2023; 11(11):1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111576
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmansour, Khaled, Jonaid Ahmad Malik, Ishfaq Rashid, Sakeel Ahmed, Mir Aroosa, Jehad M. Alenezi, Mohammed A. Almatrafi, Abdulmajeed A. Alshammari, Kashif Ullah Khan, and Sirajudheen Anwar. 2023. "Physician’s Knowledge and Attitudes on Antibiotic Prescribing and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study from Hail Region of Saudi Arabia" Healthcare 11, no. 11: 1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111576