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Article

High Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Risk of Suicide, and Implications for Treatment in Patients with Lamellar Ichthyosis

by
Hernán Cortés
1,
Lizbeth Cariño-Calvo
2,
Octavio D. Reyes-Hernández
3,
Martín Rojas-Márquez
4,
Jonathan J. Magaña
1,
Pablo A. Vizcaino-Dorado
1,
Edgar Y. Villegas-Vazquez
5,
Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados
6,
Elizabeth Jiménez-Islas
7,
Valeria A. Cortés-Mollinedo
8,
Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
7,* and
Manuel González-Del Carmen
8,*
1
Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
2
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba 94340, Mexico
3
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
4
Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Dr. Juan N. Navarro, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
5
Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
6
Unidad de Estudios Superiores Tultitlán, Universidad Mexiquense del Bicentenario, Ocoyoacac 54910, Mexico
7
Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
8
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Ciudad Mendoza 94740, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2023, 11(14), 2071; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142071
Submission received: 14 June 2023 / Revised: 18 July 2023 / Accepted: 18 July 2023 / Published: 20 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Dermatology: Prevention and Treatment of Skin Diseases around the Globe)
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Abstract

Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a genodermatosis that injures the structure and function of the skin, affecting the appearance and self-esteem of patients, which may seriously impair their mental health and quality of life. In the present study, we determined anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk levels in patients with LI through the Beck anxiety and depression inventories (BAI and DBI-II, respectively) and the SAD PERSONS scale (SPS). We observed that anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation were strongly associated with the LI (Cramér’s V = 0.429, 0.594, and 0.462, respectively). Furthermore, patients with LI showed a significant increase in the scores of anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk (p = 0.011, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively) compared to individuals without the disease. Additionally, the suicide risk increased even more in patients who presented comorbidity of anxiety and depression than in patients who presented only anxiety or depression (p = 0.02). Similarly, the increase in the BAI scores correlated with the score observed on the SPS. Our results indicate that patients with LI have higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to individuals without the disease, which could be associated with suicidal risk. Therefore, the collaborative involvement of skin and mental health professionals is necessary to manage patients with LI appropriately. We believe that psychiatric studies and individual evaluations must be performed in LI patients to determine a treatment that, in addition to reducing skin symptoms, focuses on reducing the levels of depression and anxiety and improving the quality of life to reduce the risk of suicide.
Keywords: lamellar ichthyosis; anxiety; depression; suicide risk lamellar ichthyosis; anxiety; depression; suicide risk

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cortés, H.; Cariño-Calvo, L.; Reyes-Hernández, O.D.; Rojas-Márquez, M.; Magaña, J.J.; Vizcaino-Dorado, P.A.; Villegas-Vazquez, E.Y.; Quintas-Granados, L.I.; Jiménez-Islas, E.; Cortés-Mollinedo, V.A.; et al. High Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Risk of Suicide, and Implications for Treatment in Patients with Lamellar Ichthyosis. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2071. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142071

AMA Style

Cortés H, Cariño-Calvo L, Reyes-Hernández OD, Rojas-Márquez M, Magaña JJ, Vizcaino-Dorado PA, Villegas-Vazquez EY, Quintas-Granados LI, Jiménez-Islas E, Cortés-Mollinedo VA, et al. High Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Risk of Suicide, and Implications for Treatment in Patients with Lamellar Ichthyosis. Healthcare. 2023; 11(14):2071. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142071

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cortés, Hernán, Lizbeth Cariño-Calvo, Octavio D. Reyes-Hernández, Martín Rojas-Márquez, Jonathan J. Magaña, Pablo A. Vizcaino-Dorado, Edgar Y. Villegas-Vazquez, Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados, Elizabeth Jiménez-Islas, Valeria A. Cortés-Mollinedo, and et al. 2023. "High Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Risk of Suicide, and Implications for Treatment in Patients with Lamellar Ichthyosis" Healthcare 11, no. 14: 2071. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142071

APA Style

Cortés, H., Cariño-Calvo, L., Reyes-Hernández, O. D., Rojas-Márquez, M., Magaña, J. J., Vizcaino-Dorado, P. A., Villegas-Vazquez, E. Y., Quintas-Granados, L. I., Jiménez-Islas, E., Cortés-Mollinedo, V. A., Leyva-Gómez, G., & González-Del Carmen, M. (2023). High Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Risk of Suicide, and Implications for Treatment in Patients with Lamellar Ichthyosis. Healthcare, 11(14), 2071. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142071

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