Differences of Disabling Symptoms between Previously Hospitalized or Non-Hospitalized Currently Working Long-COVID Survivors One Year after Infection: A Descriptive Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Group Assignment
2.4. Survey Questionnaire
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | LCS Non-Hospitalized Group (n = 363) | LCS Hospitalized Group (n = 102) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Mean age (years) | 43.65 ± 9.57 | 47.35 ± 8.53 | <0.001 ** |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.73 ± 5.74 | 26.66 ± 6.31 | 0.003 * |
Sex n (% women) | 316 (87.05) | 79 (77.45) | 0.017 * |
Time since infection (months) | 12.25 ± 4.21 | 12.10 ± 4.36 | 0.753 |
Length of hospital stay (days) | - | 14.11 ± 15.08 | - |
ICU n (Yes%) | - | 16 (15.68) | - |
Length of ICU stay (days) | - | 3.13 ± 7.18 | - |
Variables | LCS Non-Hospitalized Group (n = 363) | LCS Hospitalized Group (n = 102) | p between Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-COVID | Now | p-Value | Pre-COVID | Now | p-Value | ||
Breathlessness at rest | 1.19 ± 2.95 | 3.27 ± 2.81 | <0.001 ** | 1.48 ± 3.15 | 5.04 ± 2.65 | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** |
Breathlessness dressing | 1.14 ± 2.83 | 3.56 ± 2.92 | <0.001 ** | 1.28 ± 2.92 | 5.39 ± 2.48 | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** |
Breathlessness stairs | 2.00 ± 2.81 | 6.09 ± 2.88 | <0.001 ** | 2.05 ± 2.78 | 7.29 ± 2.77 | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** |
Pain | 1.08 ± 1.81 | 6.51 ± 2.68 | <0.001 ** | 0.93 ± 1.33 | 7.29 ± 1.83 | <0.001 ** | 0.001 * |
Fatigue | 1.90 ± 2.15 | 7.43 ± 2.51 | <0.001 ** | 1.71 ± 1.98 | 8.09 ± 1.80 | <0.001 ** | 0.003 * |
Anxiety | 1.39 ± 1.94 | 4.16 ± 3.22 | <0.001 ** | 1.06 ± 1.45 | 4.96 ± 3.12 | <0.001 ** | 0.026 * |
Depression | 0.82 ± 1.68 | 3.18 ± 3.34 | <0.001 ** | 0.56 ± 1.38 | 4.05 ± 3.02 | <0.001 ** | 0.013 * |
Mobility | 0.73 ± 1.87 | 4.59 ± 2.91 | <0.001 ** | 0.68 ± 1.67 | 5.78 ± 2.36 | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** |
Personal care | 0.32 ± 1.17 | 2.85 ± 2.91 | <0.001 ** | 0.28 ± 1.01 | 4.26 ± 2.83 | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** |
Usual activities | 0.76 ± 1.76 | 6.80 ± 2.72 | <0.001 ** | 0.76 ± 1.90 | 7.67 ± 1.79 | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** |
Global health perceived | 7.45 ± 2.76 | 4.14 ± 2.48 | <0.001 ** | 7.25 ± 2.77 | 3.18 ± 1.98 | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** |
Variables | LCS Non-Hospitalized Group (n = 363) | LCS Hospitalized Group (n = 102) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Laryngeal complications n (%) | 219 (60.33) | 76 (74.51) | 0.008 * |
Voice complications n (%) | 177 (48.76) | 68 (66.67) | 0.002 * |
Swallowing complications n (%) | 127 (34.99) | 49 (48.04) | 0.021 * |
Nutritional alterations n (%) | 176 (48.48) | 47 (46.08) | 0.737 |
Bowel incontinence n (%) | 152 (41.87) | 52 (50.98) | 0.114 |
Bladder incontinence n (%) | 112 (30.85) | 31 (30.39) | 1.000 |
Concentration difficulties n (%) | 321 (88.43) | 101 (99.02) | <0.001 ** |
Memory difficulties n (%) | 312 (85.95) | 98 (96.08) | 0.005 * |
Communication difficulties n (%) | 269 (74.10) | 91 (89.22) | 0.001 * |
Labor difficulties n (%) | 317 (87.33) | 101 (99.02) | <0.001 ** |
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López-López, L.; Calvache-Mateo, A.; Ortiz-Rubio, A.; Granados-Santiago, M.; Heredia-Ciuró, A.; Martín-Núñez, J.; Valenza, M.C. Differences of Disabling Symptoms between Previously Hospitalized or Non-Hospitalized Currently Working Long-COVID Survivors One Year after Infection: A Descriptive Study. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162306
López-López L, Calvache-Mateo A, Ortiz-Rubio A, Granados-Santiago M, Heredia-Ciuró A, Martín-Núñez J, Valenza MC. Differences of Disabling Symptoms between Previously Hospitalized or Non-Hospitalized Currently Working Long-COVID Survivors One Year after Infection: A Descriptive Study. Healthcare. 2023; 11(16):2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162306
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-López, Laura, Andrés Calvache-Mateo, Araceli Ortiz-Rubio, María Granados-Santiago, Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró, Javier Martín-Núñez, and Marie Carmen Valenza. 2023. "Differences of Disabling Symptoms between Previously Hospitalized or Non-Hospitalized Currently Working Long-COVID Survivors One Year after Infection: A Descriptive Study" Healthcare 11, no. 16: 2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162306