Depression Moderates the Relationship between Trait Anxiety, Worry and Attentional Control in Melanoma Survivors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measures
2.1.1. State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety
2.1.2. Penn State Worry Questionnaire
2.1.3. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale
2.1.4. Attentional Control Scale
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Participants
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Data Diagnostics and Assumption Checking
3.2. Descriptive Statistics
3.3. Main Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Strength, Limitations, and Future Research
6. Implications
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Mage (SDage) | N (Percent) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | Female age range 18–57 years Male age range 31–58 years | 36.54 years (4.94) 48.62 years (12.12) | 174 (93%) 13 (7%) |
Depression | Normal | 15 (8%) | |
Mild | 1 (0.5%) | ||
Moderate | 3 (1.6%) | ||
Severe | 2 (1.1%) | ||
Extremely Severe | 166 (88.8%) | ||
Marital status | Single | 9 (4.8%) | |
Defacto | 1 (0.5%) | ||
Married | 177 (94.7%) | ||
Other | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Time since diagnosis | 1 year | 167 (89.3%) | |
2 years | 8 (4.3%) | ||
3 years | 3 (1.6%) | ||
4 years | 4 (2.1%) | ||
5 years | 3 (1.6%) | ||
6 years | 2 (1.1%) | ||
Treatment | Chemotherapy | 165 (88.2%) | |
Radiation | 166 (88.8%) | ||
Surgery | 187 (100%) | ||
Drug therapy | 168 (89.8%) | ||
Time since treatment | 1 year | 161 (86.1%) | |
2 years | 12 (6.4%) | ||
3 years | 5 (2.7%) | ||
4 years | 4 (2.1%) | ||
5 years | 2 (1.1%) | ||
6 years | 1 (0.5%) | ||
7 years | 2 (1.1%) |
Cronbach’s Alpha | M | SD | Trait Anxiety | Worry | Depression | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait Anxiety | 0.94 | 33.35 | 6.95 | |||
Worry | 0.86 | 64.17 | 5.16 | 0.73 *** | ||
Depression | 0.92 | 33.92 | 8.38 | 0.71 *** | 0.75 *** | |
Attentional Control | 0.75 | 51.23 | 2.83 | 0.21 ** | 0.20 ** | 0.27 *** |
Unstandardised Coefficients | t | Sig. | 95% Confidence Intervals for B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. Error | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
Step 1 | (Constant) | 50.28 | 0.36 | 139.00 | 0.000 | 49.57 | 51.00 |
Chemotherapy | 1.16 | 0.36 | 3.20 | 0.002 | 0.444 | 1.87 | |
Step 2 | (Constant) | 50.91 | 0.21 | 238.33 | 0.000 | 49.81 | 50.64 |
Chemotherapy | 0.40 | 0.55 | 0.73 | 0.469 | −0.68 | 1.47 | |
Trait Anxiety | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.81 | −0.08 | 0.10 | |
Worry | −0.02 | 0.07 | −0.27 | 0.784 | −0.15 | 0.11 | |
Depression | 0.07 | 0.04 | 1.64 | 0.102 | −0.02 | 0.16 | |
Step 3 | (Constant) | 51.39 | 0.56 | 91.93 | 0.000 | 50.29 | 52.50 |
Chemotherapy | 0.14 | 0.56 | 0.24 | 0.809 | −0.963 | 1.23 | |
Trait Anxiety | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.765 | −0.08 | 0.11 | |
Worry | −0.04 | 0.10 | −0.38 | 0.701 | −0.22 | 0.15 | |
Depression | −0.01 | 0.05 | −0.16 | 0.876 | −0.12 | 0.10 | |
Trait Anxiety × Worry | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.60 | 0.547 | −0.02 | 0.03 | |
Trait Anxiety × Depression | −0.01 | 0.01 | −2.37 | 0.019 | −0.02 | −0.00 | |
Worry × Depression | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.913 | −0.01 | 0.02 | |
Step 4 | (Constant) | 52.11 | 0.59 | 88.73 | 0.000 | 50.95 | 53.27 |
Chemotherapy | −0.52 | 0.58 | −0.90 | 0.368 | −1.66 | 0.62 | |
Trait Anxiety | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.809 | −0.08 | 0.10 | |
Worry | −0.01 | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.922 | −0.19 | 0.17 | |
Depression | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.66 | 0.512 | −0.07 | 0.14 | |
Trait Anxiety × Worry | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.982 | −0.02 | 0.02 | |
Trait Anxiety × Depression | −0.01 | 0.01 | −2.43 | 0.016 | −0.02 | −0.00 | |
Worry × Depression | −0.03 | 0.01 | −2.61 | 0.101 | −0.06 | −0.01 | |
Trait Anxiety × Worry × Depression | 0.00 | 0.00 | −3.24 | 0.001 | −0.00 | −0.00 |
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Edwards, E.J.; Chu, K.L.; John, N.; Edwards, M.S.; Lyvers, M. Depression Moderates the Relationship between Trait Anxiety, Worry and Attentional Control in Melanoma Survivors. Healthcare 2023, 11, 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233097
Edwards EJ, Chu KL, John N, Edwards MS, Lyvers M. Depression Moderates the Relationship between Trait Anxiety, Worry and Attentional Control in Melanoma Survivors. Healthcare. 2023; 11(23):3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233097
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdwards, Elizabeth J., Khanh Linh Chu, Nikeith John, Mark S. Edwards, and Michael Lyvers. 2023. "Depression Moderates the Relationship between Trait Anxiety, Worry and Attentional Control in Melanoma Survivors" Healthcare 11, no. 23: 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233097