Antecedents and Outcomes of Work Engagement among Psychiatric Nurses in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Aim
1.2. Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses in This Study
1.2.1. Antecedents of Work Engagement
1.2.2. Outcomes of Work Engagement
1.2.3. Mediating Effects of Work Engagement
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants and Settings
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Measurement
2.4.1. Work Engagement
2.4.2. Job Crafting
2.4.3. Nursing Practice Environment
2.4.4. Strength-Oriented Care Attitudes
2.4.5. Mental Health of Psychiatric Nurses
2.4.6. Turnover Intention
2.4.7. Demographic Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Scores of Each Scale and Correlations between Scores for Each Scale
3.3. Hypothesis Testing
3.3.1. Antecedents of Work Engagement
3.3.2. Outcomes of Work Engagement
3.3.3. Mediating Effects of Work Engagement on Outcome Variables
4. Discussion
Implications for Practice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sociodemographic Variables | Mean ± SD [Range] or Number (%) |
---|---|
Age | 43.3 ± 10.7 [20–65] |
Gender | |
Male | 133 (43.0) |
Female | 169 (54.7) |
Unknown | 7 (2.3) |
Years of nursing experiences | 17.8 ± 10.6 [0.3–44.3] |
Years of work tenure in psychiatric or mental health services | 13.7 ± 9.9 [0.2–44.3] |
Qualification | |
Registered nurses | 304 (98.4) |
Licensed practical nurses | 3 (1.0) |
Unknown | 2 (0.6) |
Job Position | |
Head nurse | 22 (7.1) |
Deputy head | 13 (4.2) |
Chief nurse | 35 (11.3) |
Staff nurse | 239 (77.4) |
Employment status | |
Full-time | 295 (95.5) |
Part-time | 12 (3.9) |
Unknown | 2 (0.6) |
Education level | |
Four-year college degree or above | 68 (22.0) |
Lower than college degree | 233 (75.5) |
Unknown | 8 (2.5) |
Settings | |
Ward settings | 251 (81.2) |
Acute psychiatric ward | 106 (34.4) |
Chronic psychiatric ward | 107 (34.5) |
Medical treatment and supervision ward | 21 (6.8) |
Child adolescent psychiatric ward | 12 (3.9) |
COVID-19-related ward | 5 (1.6) |
Community care settings | 57 (18.5) |
Outpatient | 15 (4.9) |
Home-visit nursing station | 29 (9.4) |
Psychiatric daycare | 13 (4.2) |
Unknown | 1 (0.3) |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Task crafting §1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
2 Relational crafting §1 | 0.58 ** | 1 | |||||||||||
3 Cognitive crafting §1 | 0.47 ** | 0.60 ** | 1 | ||||||||||
4 Participation opportunity in work §2 | 0.15* | 0.15 ** | 0.25 ** | 1 | |||||||||
5 Supervisors’ leadership and support §2 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.18 ** | 0.52 ** | 1 | ||||||||
6 Human resources §2 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.46 ** | 0.38 ** | 1 | |||||||
7 Nurse–physician collaborations §2 | 0.08 | 0.13 * | 0.24 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.40 ** | 1 | ||||||
8 Foundation for quality of care §2 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.13 * | 0.63 ** | 0.50 ** | 0.61 ** | 0.46 ** | 1 | |||||
9 Strength-oriented care attitudes §3 | 0.32 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.29 ** | 0.29 ** | 0.16 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.13 * | 0.32 ** | 1 | ||||
10 Mental health §4 | 0.20 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.31 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.28 ** | 1 | |||
11 Intention to leave current workplace | −0.04 | −0.13 * | −0.11 * | −0.31 ** | −0.28 ** | −0.37 ** | −0.25 ** | −0.34 ** | −0.09 | −0.32 ** | 1 | ||
12 Intention to resign from their profession as a nurse | −0.10 | −0.13 * | −0.12 * | −0.25 ** | −0.21 ** | −0.28 ** | −0.23 ** | −0.24 ** | −0.08 | −0.39 ** | 0.76 ** | 1 | |
13 Work engagement §5 | 0.30 ** | 0.47 ** | 0.59 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.18 ** | 0.14 * | 0.16 ** | 0.18 ** | 0.23 ** | 0.42 ** | −0.17 ** | −0.21 ** | 1 |
[Min, Max] | [1, 7] | [1, 7] | [1, 7] | [1, 4] | [1, 4] | [1, 4] | [1, 4] | [1.1, 4] | [0, 3] | [0, 25] | [1, 5] | [1, 5] | [0, 5.56] |
Mean | 4.67 | 4.60 | 4.53 | 2.45 | 2.91 | 2.40 | 2.80 | 2.62 | 1.69 | 11.85 | 2.25 | 1.27 | 2.58 |
SD | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.14 | 0.51 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 5.25 | 2.02 | 1.20 | 1.01 |
Cronbach’s α coefficient in this study | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.93 | - | - | 0.93 |
Models | χ2 | df | GFI | AGFI | CFI | NFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 176.38 | 72 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.07 |
Model 2 | 156.59 | 60 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.07 |
Model 3 | 120.73 | 50 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.07 |
Model 4 | 125.09 | 50 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.07 |
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Kato, Y.; Chiba, R.; Shimazu, A.; Hayashi, Y.; Sakamoto, T. Antecedents and Outcomes of Work Engagement among Psychiatric Nurses in Japan. Healthcare 2023, 11, 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030295
Kato Y, Chiba R, Shimazu A, Hayashi Y, Sakamoto T. Antecedents and Outcomes of Work Engagement among Psychiatric Nurses in Japan. Healthcare. 2023; 11(3):295. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030295
Chicago/Turabian StyleKato, Yuichi, Rie Chiba, Akihito Shimazu, Yuta Hayashi, and Takuya Sakamoto. 2023. "Antecedents and Outcomes of Work Engagement among Psychiatric Nurses in Japan" Healthcare 11, no. 3: 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030295