Functional Improvement and Satisfaction with a Wearable Hip Exoskeleton in Community-Living Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Experimental Protocol
2.3. Wearable Hip Exoskeleton (EX1)
2.4. Measurement Tools
2.4.1. Physical Function Evaluation
2.4.2. The Usability and Satisfaction Questionnaire
2.5. Data Preprocessing and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physical Function
3.2. Usability and Satisfaction of the EX1
3.3. Regression Analysis between General Characteristics, Usability, and Satisfaction
3.4. Regression Analysis between Usability, Satisfaction, and Physical Function
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Characteristics | Total (N = 225) | Middle-Aged (n = 75) | Old-Aged (n = 150) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (male/female) | 80/145 | 31/44 | 49/101 |
Age (year) | 67.52 (10.99) a | 74.31 (4.79) | 53.96 (6.30) |
Height (cm) | 161.53 (8.26) | 159.85 (8.85) | 164.88 (7.32) |
Weight (kg) | 61.76 (10.58) | 59.93 (9.32) | 65.43 (11.98) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.59 (3.06) | 23.42 (2.92) | 23.94 (3.33) |
MMSE-K | 28.16 (1.82) | 27.95 (1.93) | 28.57 (1.49) |
GDS-15 | 3.71 (3.32) | 4.1 (3.43) | 2.93 (2.99) |
FES-K | 99.32 (3.30) | 99.07 (3.92) | 99.81 (1.24) |
EQ-5D | 0.90 (0.08) | 0.89 (0.92) | 0.93 (0.46) |
Domain | No. | Item | Strongly Disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly Agree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Safety | 1 | Did you have any risk of falling when turning or leaning forward while using the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Safety | 2 | Did you have a risk of fall or injury while using the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Safety | 3 | Do you think you can control the risks posed by EX1 yourself? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Safety | 4 | Did you fear falling while walking with the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 1 | Was the EX1 easy to use? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 2 | Do you think people with healthy people can also use the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 3 | Were you not shamed for using EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 4 | Do you think the EX1 will have negative social perceptions? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 5 | Was the weight of the EX1 appropriate for walking? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 6 | Was the EX1 comfortable to wear? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 7 | Were you satisfied with the material of the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 8 | Do you think the assist mode of the EX1 helps with gait? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 9 | Do you think the resistance mode of the EX1 helps with gait exercises? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 10 | Was there any disturbance caused by noise when using the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 11 | Are you satisfied with the color and design of the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 12 | Are you willing to continue using the EX1? | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ |
Satisfaction | 13 | Between assist and resistance modes of EX1, which was more helpful? | ① Resistance mode ② Assist mode |
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Kim, J.; Chun, H.; Lee, S.-H.; Lee, H.-J.; Kim, Y.-H. Functional Improvement and Satisfaction with a Wearable Hip Exoskeleton in Community-Living Adults. Healthcare 2023, 11, 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050643
Kim J, Chun H, Lee S-H, Lee H-J, Kim Y-H. Functional Improvement and Satisfaction with a Wearable Hip Exoskeleton in Community-Living Adults. Healthcare. 2023; 11(5):643. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050643
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jihye, Hyelim Chun, Su-Hyun Lee, Hwang-Jae Lee, and Yun-Hee Kim. 2023. "Functional Improvement and Satisfaction with a Wearable Hip Exoskeleton in Community-Living Adults" Healthcare 11, no. 5: 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050643