The Development and Content Validation of a Clinical Screening Scale to Identify Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cases Based on the Gender Perspective: An e-Delphi Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Theoretical Structure of the Scale
2.3. Questionnaire Design
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Participants and Recruitment
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Round 1
3.2. Round 2
3.3. Round 3
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Model Instructions: ADHD SCALE FOR BOYS AND GIRLS SELF-REPORT—6 to 16 Years
Appendix B. ADHD SCALE FOR BOYS AND GIRLS SELF-REPORT—6 to 16 Years
References
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Inattention | n | % |
---|---|---|
Often does not pay sufficient attention to detail or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities. | 10 | 100% |
Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities. | 9 | 90% |
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. | 9 | 90% |
Often does not follow instructions and does not complete school work, assignments, or duties at the workplace. | 9 | 90% |
Often has difficulties in organising tasks and activities. | 10 | 10% |
Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort. | 8 | 8% |
Often misplaces objects needed for tasks or activities. | 7 | 70% |
Often easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli. | 9 | 90% |
Often neglected in daily activities. | 8 | 80% |
Often experiences hyperactivity/impulsivity. | n | % |
Often moves hands or feet excessively or shifts in seat. | 3 | 30% |
Often leaves his or her seat in class or in other situations where he or she is expected to remain seated. | 1 | 10% |
Often runs or jumps excessively in situations where it is inappropriate to do so. | 1 | 10% |
Often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities. | 1 | 10% |
Often “on the move” or acts as if he or she has an engine. | 1 | 10% |
Often talks too much. | 5 | 50% |
Often precipitates answers before questions are completed. | 3 | 30% |
Often has difficulty in keeping his turn to speak. | 3 | 30% |
Often interrupts or intrudes on the activities of others. | 3 | 30% |
Often scattered in conversations. Often shows anger for no reason. Often has explosion in their responses. Often has sudden mood swings. Often their efforts are not reflected. Often struggles to make decisions. Often has rumination and high flow of thoughts. |
Not or Hardly Relevant | Relevant or Very Relevant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | n | % | |
Often scattered in conversations. | 0 | 0% | 10 | 100% |
Often shows anger for no reason. | 1 | 10% | 9 | 90% |
Often explodes in their responses. | 0 | 0% | 10 | 100% |
Often has sudden mood swings. | 3 | 30% | 7 | 70% |
Often does not see his or her efforts reflected. | 2 | 20% | 8 | 80% |
Often struggles to make decisions. | 3 | 30% | 7 | 70% |
Often has rumination and a high flow of thoughts. | 2 | 20% | 8 | 80% |
Application: Individual and collective in self-report format. |
Time: Variable, from 30 to 40 min. |
Age: From 6 to 16 years old. |
Purpose: To design an instrument for the early detection of symptoms associated with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder for boys that is also sensitive to the detection of girls (based on the exploration of three dimensions: one of inattention, one of hyperactivity/impulsivity, and a third of internalisation). |
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Perez-Beltran, M.; Roldán-Merino, J.; Russi, M.E.; Rolandi, M.G.; Colome Roura, R.; Sampaio, F.; Del Campo, M.D.; Farres-Tarafa, M.; Pardos, B.H.; Alda Díez, J.Á. The Development and Content Validation of a Clinical Screening Scale to Identify Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cases Based on the Gender Perspective: An e-Delphi Study. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131282
Perez-Beltran M, Roldán-Merino J, Russi ME, Rolandi MG, Colome Roura R, Sampaio F, Del Campo MD, Farres-Tarafa M, Pardos BH, Alda Díez JÁ. The Development and Content Validation of a Clinical Screening Scale to Identify Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cases Based on the Gender Perspective: An e-Delphi Study. Healthcare. 2024; 12(13):1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131282
Chicago/Turabian StylePerez-Beltran, Meritxell, Juan Roldán-Merino, Maria Eugenia Russi, Maria Garau Rolandi, Roser Colome Roura, Francisco Sampaio, Marta Domínguez Del Campo, Mariona Farres-Tarafa, Barbara Hurtado Pardos, and José Ángel Alda Díez. 2024. "The Development and Content Validation of a Clinical Screening Scale to Identify Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cases Based on the Gender Perspective: An e-Delphi Study" Healthcare 12, no. 13: 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131282