The Relationship between Adolescent Dating Violence and Risky Health Behavioral Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Variables
- Outcome variables. Outcome variables included the following: (1) substance use, (2) mental health risks, and (3) other select risky health behaviors. Substance use outcomes included tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana use. Mental health risks included suicide attempt and depression. The select risky health behaviors were school performance, feeling unsafe on school grounds, and inadequate sleep.
- Independent variables. PDV and SDV were treated as independent variables. PDV was assessed with the question: “During the past 12 months, how many times did someone you were dating or going out with physically hurt you on purpose? (Count such things as being hit, slammed into something, or injured with an object or weapon)”. SDV was assessed with the question: “During the past 12 months, how many times did someone you were dating or going out with force you to do sexual things you did not want to do? (Count such things as kissing, touching, or being physically forced to have sexual intercourse)”. Consistent with prior approaches, a combined categorical variable was generated using the sexual and physical ADV questions resulting in four mutually exclusive dating violence categories based on the responses from the survey: physical abuse only, sexual abuse only, both kinds of abuse, or none [29,30]. Students who had missing data for either PDV or SDV questions were excluded from the analysis. Sociodemographic variables included age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Age was classified into 3 categories: 14 or younger, 15 to 17, and 18 or older. Race/ethnicity was categorized into 3 groups: White non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, Hispanic.
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Survey Respondents Characteristics
3.2. Association between Adolescent Dating Violence and Health Risk Behaviors
3.2.1. Substance Use and Mental Health Factors
3.2.2. Select Risky Health Behavioral Outcomes
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Implications for Public Health Practice
- Promoting high school prevention programs that are integrated into classroom curriculum and thus prevent the initiation or reduce ADV perpetration and/or victimization in areas of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse.
- Administering a social–emotional school-based prevention program that incorporates a universal-level intervention approach where students are educated on conflict-management skills, knowledge of ADV, healthy relationship skills, and empowerment of bystander reporting.
- Incorporating ADV training for school psychologists/counselors as part of their continuing education in order to identify ADV and respond appropriately. This should be further broken down into more emphasis on certain screenings and/or interventions based on sex. For example, males historically seek less formal support following dating violence but were shown to have double the magnitude in suicide attempts in our study as compared to females. School clinicians should follow adolescent males who have been victims of dating violence closely in this mental health context due to their nature to utilize less formal services and help.
- Referring youth who are at-risk of becoming victims of IPV or abusive relationships to community-based prevention programs and referring victims to community-based victimization prevention programs to reduce revictimization. Youth who are not intervened with and do not receive help from support systems can become at risk for revictimization and can become at risk for mental health outcomes such as suicide attempts and depression in addition to substance use, as discussed in our study.
- Establishing parent/caregiver-based programs that educate the learner about ADV, substance use, and mental health. This should be integrated alongside school programs that focus on the academic components of school performance that can become negatively affected as seen in our study. For example, adolescents within our study reported “not going to schools due to safety concern” and “feeling unsafe”. Creating programs that target how to address these concerns based on the type of dating violence (physical or psychological) can allow for individualized solutions that improve students’ motivation and perception of safety in attending school.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population Characteristics | Weighted N a 542,818 | Weighted (%) |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
≤14 | 60,663 | 11.3 |
15–17 | 407,149 | 74.9 |
≥18 | 75,006 | 13.8 |
Race | ||
NH White | 267,275 | 49.2 |
NH Black | 107,290 | 19.8 |
Hispanic | 168,253 | 31 |
Gender | ||
Male | 263,047 | 48.5 |
Female | 279,771 | 51.5 |
Grade | ||
9th | 146,880 | 27.1 |
10th | 142,889 | 26.4 |
11th | 129,540 | 24.1 |
12th | 121,146 | 22.4 |
Physical Abuse | 35,316 | 6.5 |
Sexual Abuse | 38,351 | 7.1 |
Both Kinds of Abuse | 16,949 | 3.1 |
Physical Abuse Only | 18,367 | 3.4 |
Sexual Abuse Only | 21,402 | 3.9 |
None | 486,100 | 89.6 |
Female | Male | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
AOR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | |
Tobacco | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 8.953 | (5.503,14.566) | 9.438 | (5.218,17.071) |
Physical Abuse Only | 7.619 | (4.424, 13.121) | 5.447 | (2.843,10.435) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 2.183 | (1.294, 3.683) | 1.980 | (0.670, 5.853) |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Alcohol | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 4.164 | (2.574, 6.735) | 4.752 | (2.380, 9.490) |
Physical Abuse Only | 4.380 | (2.657, 7.221) | 3.364 | (1.868, 6.058) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 2.216 | (1.560, 3.147) | 3.169 | (1.438, 6.987) |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Marijuana | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 4.520 | (2.970, 6.880) | 5.513 | (3.037, 10.007) |
Physical Abuse Only | 5.550 | (3.503, 8.794) | 2.605 | (1.536, 4.419) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 2.340 | (1.523, 3.594) | 3.086 | (1.548, 6.154) |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Suicide Attempt | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 15.199 | (9.533, 24.234) | 34.221 | (16.659, 70.298) |
Physical Abuse Only | 4.143 | (2.455, 6.991) | 11.178 | (5.851, 21.356) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 4.918 | (3.054, 7.921) | 6.697 | (2.211, 20.283) |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Depression | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 4.387 | (2.441, 7.883) | 3.834 | (2.169, 6.778) |
Physical Abuse Only | 3.479 | (2.005, 6.035) | 2.834 | (1.615, 4.974) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 3.551 | (2.458, 5.129) | 1.940 | (0.815, 4.617) |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Female | Male | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
AOR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | |
Feeling Unsafe | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 5.370 | (2.799, 10.300) | 18.521 | (11.254, 30.479) |
Physical Abuse Only | 3.766 | (1.831, 7.745) | 5.883 | (2.978, 11.620) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 2.848 | (1.740, 4.663) | 6.927 | (2.906, 16.511) |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
School Performance | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 0.842 | (0.105, 6.741) | 0.253 | (0.034, 1.857) |
Physical Abuse Only | 2.730 | (0.745, 10.000) | 1.605 | (0.726, 3.549) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 2.740 | (1.150, 6.529) | + | |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Inadequate Sleep [<8 h] | ||||
Both Kinds of Abuse | 1.182 | (0.725, 1.926) | 1.408 | (0.718, 2.765) |
Physical Abuse Only | 0.862 | (0.483, 1.538) | 2.402 | (1.192, 4.838) |
Sexual Abuse Only | 1.882 | (1.214, 2.917) | 1.170 | (0.553, 2.477) |
None | 1.0 | 1.0 |
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Saini, N.; Smith, S.N.; Wongpaiboon, M.; Crowther, V.B.; Buxbaum, S.; Tawk, R. The Relationship between Adolescent Dating Violence and Risky Health Behavioral Outcomes. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1464. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12151464
Saini N, Smith SN, Wongpaiboon M, Crowther VB, Buxbaum S, Tawk R. The Relationship between Adolescent Dating Violence and Risky Health Behavioral Outcomes. Healthcare. 2024; 12(15):1464. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12151464
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaini, Neha, Shamya N. Smith, Manasicha Wongpaiboon, Vanessa B. Crowther, Sarah Buxbaum, and Rima Tawk. 2024. "The Relationship between Adolescent Dating Violence and Risky Health Behavioral Outcomes" Healthcare 12, no. 15: 1464. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12151464