Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Malignant Neoplasia of the Bronchus and Lung in the Burgos Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
- Gender: Each patient was classified as male or female.
- Age: Ages were categorized into age ranges or intervals, to which patients were assigned. The age groups were defined as follows: <30 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years, 80–89 years, or ≥90 years.
- Disease stage: The stage of the disease was recorded for each patient at the time of diagnosis using the classification of stage I, II, III, or IV.
- Death: Patients who died because of the disease were followed up during the three years mentioned above, and the date of those who died because of the disease was recorded.
- Survival time: For deceased patients, the number of days of survival from the date of diagnosis to the date of death was calculated.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Association between Pandemic and Age, Gender, Cancer Stage, and Mortality
3.3. Association between Pandemic, Cancer Stage, and Years of Survival
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pre-Pandemic | Pandemic | |
---|---|---|
Diagnosed patients, n | 154 | 105 |
Gender | ||
Male, n (%) | 122 (79.2) | 81 (77.1) |
Female, n (%) | 32 (20.8) | 24 (22.9) |
Age, Mean ± SD | 68.57 ± 8.99 | 69.06 ± 8.77 |
40–49 years, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.0) |
50–59 years, n (%) | 24 (15.6) | 14 (13.3) |
60–69 years, n (%) | 58 (37.7) | 35 (33.3) |
70–79 years, n (%) | 50 (32.4) | 44 (41.9) |
80–89 years, n (%) | 20 (13.0) | 11 (10.5) |
Stage | ||
I, n (%) | 13 (8.5) | 11 (10.5) |
II, n (%) | 12 (7.8) | 4 (3.8) |
III, n (%) | 35 (22.7) | 21 (20.0) |
IV, n (%) | 94 (61.0) | 69 (65.7) |
Decease | ||
No, n (%) | 53 (34.4) | 52 (49.5) |
Yes, n (%) | 101 (65.6) | 53 (50.5) |
Number of days of survival since diagnosis, Median (IQR) | 193.0 (68.5–376.5) | 160.0 (58.5–298.5) |
Pre-Pandemic | Pandemic | ||
---|---|---|---|
40–49 | Count | 2 | 1 |
Expected Count | 1.8 | 1.2 | |
Corrected residual | 0.3 | −0.3 | |
50–59 | Count | 24 | 14 |
Expected Count | 22.6 | 15.4 | |
Corrected residual | 0.5 | −0.5 | |
60–69 | Count | 58 | 35 |
Expected Count | 55.3 | 37.7 | |
Corrected residual | 0.7 | −0.7 | |
70–79 | Count | 50 | 44 |
Expected Count | 55.9 | 38.1 | |
Corrected residual | −1.6 | 1.6 | |
80–89 | Count | 20 | 11 |
Expected Count | 18.4 | 12.6 | |
Corrected residual | 0.6 | −0.6 | |
Male | Count | 122 | 81 |
Expected Count | 120.7 | 82.3 | |
Corrected residual | 0.4 | −0.4 | |
Female | Count | 32 | 24 |
Expected Count | 33.3 | 22.7 | |
Corrected residual | −0.4 | 0.4 | |
Stage I | Count | 13 | 11 |
Expected Count | 14.3 | 9.7 | |
Corrected residual | −0.6 | 0.6 | |
Stage II | Count | 12 | 4 |
Expected Count | 9.5 | 6.5 | |
Corrected residual | 1.3 | −1.3 | |
Stage III | Count | 35 | 21 |
Expected Count | 33.3 | 22.7 | |
Corrected residual | 0.5 | −0.5 | |
Stage IV | Count | 94 | 69 |
Expected Count | 96.9 | 66.1 | |
Corrected residual | −0.8 | 0.8 | |
Non−deceased patient | Count | 53 | 52 |
Expected Count | 62.4 | 42.6 | |
Corrected residual | −2.4 | 2.4 | |
Deceased patient | Count | 101 | 53 |
Expected Count | 91.6 | 62.4 | |
Corrected residual | 2.4 | −2.4 |
Number of Days of Survival since Diagnosis | ANOVA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Standard Deviation | F | Sig. (p) | |
Pre-Pandemic | 253.61 | 224.30 | 4.396 | 0.038 |
Pandemic | 182.43 | 142.63 | ||
Pre-Pandemic Stage I | 741.50 | 228.40 | 3.191 | 0.004 |
Pre-Pandemic Stage II | 212.89 | 215.33 | ||
Pre-Pandemic Stage III | 271.18 | 204.27 | ||
Pre-Pandemic Stage IV | 241.18 | 218.36 | ||
Pandemic Stage I | 329.50 | 73.54 | ||
Pandemic Stage II | 195.00 | 148.81 | ||
Pandemic Stage III | 287.71 | 132.13 | ||
Pandemic Stage IV | 157.29 | 202.36 |
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Herrero, G.G.; Núñez-Rodríguez, S.; Álvarez-Pardo, S.; Fernández-Solana, J.; Collazo-Riobó, C.; García-Bustillo, Á.; Santamaría-Peláez, M.; González-Bernal, J.J.; González-Santos, J. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Malignant Neoplasia of the Bronchus and Lung in the Burgos Region. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161677
Herrero GG, Núñez-Rodríguez S, Álvarez-Pardo S, Fernández-Solana J, Collazo-Riobó C, García-Bustillo Á, Santamaría-Peláez M, González-Bernal JJ, González-Santos J. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Malignant Neoplasia of the Bronchus and Lung in the Burgos Region. Healthcare. 2024; 12(16):1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161677
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerrero, Gustavo Gutiérrez, Sandra Núñez-Rodríguez, Sergio Álvarez-Pardo, Jessica Fernández-Solana, Carla Collazo-Riobó, Álvaro García-Bustillo, Mirian Santamaría-Peláez, Jerónimo J. González-Bernal, and Josefa González-Santos. 2024. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Malignant Neoplasia of the Bronchus and Lung in the Burgos Region" Healthcare 12, no. 16: 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161677