How Expectations and Trust in Telemedicine Contribute to Older Adults’ Sense of Control: An Empirical Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Trust
2.2. Expectations
2.3. Sense of Control in Digital Life
3. Model Construction and Hypothesis Development
3.1. Expectations and Telemedicine Usage
3.2. Trust and the Way Telemedicine Is Used
3.3. Telemedicine Usage and Sense of Control in Digital Life
4. Research Methodology
4.1. Measures
4.2. Sample Selection and Data Collection
5. Data Analysis and Results
5.1. Measurement Model
5.1.1. Multicollinearity
5.1.2. Confidence and Validity
5.2. Structural Model
6. Discussion and Implications
6.1. Main Findings
- (1)
- The influence of older adults’ expectations regarding their use of telemedicine devices on their actual usage behavior.
- (2)
- The influence of trust in telemedicine devices on usage behavior in elderly individuals.
- (3)
- The influence of older adults’ telemedicine usage behavior on their perception of control over their digital lives.
6.2. Implications
7. Conclusions and Limitations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Latent Variable | Measurement Item | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|
Expectations | Disease Prevention Expectations | DPE1: I’m hoping the telemedicine system will slow down the disease. | [64] |
DPE2: I hope the telemedicine system will reduce the likelihood of abnormal physiological indicators. | |||
DPE3: I want the telemedicine system to maintain my quality of life. | |||
Healthcare Expectations | HE1: I want the telemedicine system to improve my quality of life. | ||
HE2: I would like the telemedicine system to help me with the symptoms (of my illness). | |||
HE3: I want the telemedicine system to improve my daily activities. | |||
Disease Treatment Expectations | DTE1: I want the telemedicine system to improve my health. | ||
DTE2: I want the telemedicine system to improve my outcomes. | |||
DTE3: I want the telemedicine system to reduce my pain. | |||
Trust | Safety Trust | SAT1: Telemedicine systems can be trusted and keep my health information secure. | [21] |
SAT2: Telemedicine systems can be trusted and keep my private information secure. | |||
SAT3: Telemedicine systems can be trusted and keep my treatment information secure. | |||
Technological Trust | TT1: Telemedicine systems have a good level of information technology. | ||
TT2: Telemedicine systems have a good level of medical technology. | |||
TT3: Telemedicine systems have good system quality. | |||
Supplier Trust | SUT1: Vendors of telemedicine systems have good reputations. | ||
SUT2: Vendors of telemedicine systems can be socially responsible. | |||
SUT3: Trusted after-sales service is available from telemedicine system providers. | |||
Usage | Depth of Use | DOU1: I use most of the available telehealth system features to support my health management. | [65] |
DOU2: I use all available telemedicine systems to help me perform health management. | |||
DOU3: I take full advantage of the available telemedicine system features to complete my health management. | |||
Breadth of Use | BOU1: I use the telemedicine system to better relate to the telemedicine system mission. | ||
BOU2: I use the telemedicine system to link related telemedicine system tasks. | |||
BOU3: I use a telemedicine system to coordinate multiple health management tasks. | |||
Sense of Control in Digital Life | Control Source | CS1: In a digital society, I’m confident I can handle the future. | [66] |
CS2: In a digital society, I believe a person can be the master of their destiny. | |||
CS3: In a digital society, I think humans are victims of circumstances beyond their control. | |||
CS4: In a digital society, my life is controlled by the outside world. | |||
Sense of Control | SOC1: In a digital society, if I do my best, I’ve always been able to solve problems. | [67] | |
SOC2: In a digital society, even if people are against me, I can still get what I want. | |||
SOC3: In a digital society, it’s easy for me to stick to my vision and reach my goals. | |||
SOC4: If I put in the necessary effort, I can certainly solve most of the puzzles life gives me. | |||
SOC5: I can face difficulties calmly because I trust my ability to deal with them. | |||
SOC6: When faced with a difficult problem, I can usually find several solutions. |
Measure | Item | Count | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 296 | 44.78% |
Female | 365 | 55.22% | |
Education | Primary and below | 68 | 10.29% |
Junior high school | 232 | 35.10% | |
Senior high school | 217 | 32.83% | |
University and above | 144 | 21.79% | |
Age | 60–64 | 242 | 36.61% |
65–69 | 166 | 25.11% | |
70–74 | 120 | 18.15% | |
75–79 | 96 | 14.52% | |
80 and above | 37 | 5.60% |
Construct | Item | Loading | Cronbach’s α | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sense of control (SOC) | SOC1 | 0.866 | 0.946 | 0.957 | 0.786 |
SOC2 | 0.891 | ||||
SOC3 | 0.880 | ||||
SOC4 | 0.915 | ||||
SOC5 | 0.884 | ||||
SOC6 | 0.884 | ||||
Breadth of use (BOU) | BOU1 | 0.900 | 0.907 | 0.942 | 0.844 |
BOU2 | 0.941 | ||||
BOU3 | 0.914 | ||||
Disease treatment expectations (DTE) | DTE1 | 0.929 | 0.923 | 0.951 | 0.866 |
DTE2 | 0.935 | ||||
DTE3 | 0.927 | ||||
Healthcare expectations (HE) | HE1 | 0.932 | 0.93 | 0.956 | 0.877 |
HE2 | 0.929 | ||||
HE3 | 0.949 | ||||
Depth of use (DOU) | DOU1 | 0.939 | 0.926 | 0.953 | 0.871 |
DOU2 | 0.938 | ||||
DOU3 | 0.923 | ||||
Control source (CS) | CS 1 | 0.894 | 0.898 | 0.929 | 0.766 |
CS 2 | 0.905 | ||||
CS 3 | 0.868 | ||||
CS 4 | 0.832 | ||||
Technological trust (TT) | TT1 | 0.939 | 0.936 | 0.959 | 0.886 |
TT2 | 0.947 | ||||
TT3 | 0.937 | ||||
Safety trust (SAT) | SAT1 | 0.885 | 0.864 | 0.917 | 0.786 |
SAT2 | 0.902 | ||||
SAT3 | 0.873 | ||||
Disease prevention expectations (DPE) | DPE1 | 0.869 | 0.881 | 0.927 | 0.808 |
DPE2 | 0.934 | ||||
DPE3 | 0.892 | ||||
Supplier trust (SUT) | SUT1 | 0.945 | 0.94 | 0.962 | 0.893 |
SUT2 | 0.951 | ||||
SUT3 | 0.939 |
BOU | DOU | SUT | HE | SAT | TT | SOC | CS | DTE | DPE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BOU | 0.918 | |||||||||
DOU | 0.530 | 0.933 | ||||||||
SUT | 0.697 | 0.564 | 0.945 | |||||||
HE | 0.490 | 0.851 | 0.538 | 0.937 | ||||||
SAT | 0.488 | 0.745 | 0.491 | 0.771 | 0.887 | |||||
TT | 0.670 | 0.557 | 0.741 | 0.543 | 0.490 | 0.941 | ||||
SOC | 0.509 | 0.423 | 0.564 | 0.44 | 0.447 | 0.540 | 0.887 | |||
CS | 0.555 | 0.509 | 0.626 | 0.504 | 0.454 | 0.606 | 0.658 | 0.875 | ||
DTE | 0.672 | 0.568 | 0.770 | 0.518 | 0.453 | 0.777 | 0.535 | 0.598 | 0.931 | |
DPE | 0.582 | 0.586 | 0.625 | 0.550 | 0.528 | 0.600 | 0.501 | 0.518 | 0.578 | 0.899 |
BOU | DOU | SUT | HE | SAT | TT | SOC | CS | DTE | DPE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BOU | ||||||||||
DOU | 0.578 | |||||||||
SUT | 0.754 | 0.605 | ||||||||
HE | 0.534 | 0.846 | 0.576 | |||||||
SAT | 0.551 | 0.832 | 0.543 | 0.838 | ||||||
TT | 0.727 | 0.599 | 0.790 | 0.582 | 0.544 | |||||
SOC | 0.546 | 0.451 | 0.595 | 0.469 | 0.496 | 0.571 | ||||
CS | 0.614 | 0.557 | 0.681 | 0.552 | 0.516 | 0.661 | 0.715 | |||
DTE | 0.734 | 0.615 | 0.826 | 0.559 | 0.507 | 0.836 | 0.570 | 0.656 | ||
DPE | 0.651 | 0.649 | 0.687 | 0.607 | 0.604 | 0.661 | 0.546 | 0.582 | 0.641 |
Hypothetical Path | Path Coefficient | T Value | p Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1a | DPE -> BOU | 0.092 | 2.458 | 0.014 | Support |
H1b | HE -> BOU | 0.599 | 13.817 | <0.001 | Support (1) |
H1c | DTE -> BOU | 0.131 | 3.007 | 0.003 | Support |
H2a | DPE -> DOU | 0.134 | 2.748 | 0.006 | Support |
H2b | HE -> DOU | –0.033 | 0.692 | 0.489 | Unsupported |
H2c | DTE -> DOU | 0.192 | 2.934 | 0.003 | Support |
H3a | SAT -> BOU | 0.125 | 2.548 | 0.011 | Support |
H3b | TT -> BOU | 0.187 | 3.079 | 0.002 | Support |
H3c | SUT -> BOU | 0.284 | 4.791 | <0.001 | Support (3) |
H4a | SAT -> DOU | 0.180 | 5.097 | <0.001 | Support (2) |
H4b | TT -> DOU | –0.021 | 0.521 | 0.603 | Unsupported |
H4c | SUT -> DOU | 0.010 | 0.250 | 0.802 | Unsupported |
H5a | BOU -> SOC | 0.395 | 8.102 | <0.001 | Support |
H5b | DOU -> SOC | 0.213 | 4.188 | <0.001 | Support |
H6a | BOU -> CS | 0.396 | 7.800 | <0.001 | Support |
H6b | DOU -> CS | 0.299 | 6.176 | <0.001 | Support (4) |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Niu, S.; Hong, W.; Ma, Y. How Expectations and Trust in Telemedicine Contribute to Older Adults’ Sense of Control: An Empirical Study. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171685
Niu S, Hong W, Ma Y. How Expectations and Trust in Telemedicine Contribute to Older Adults’ Sense of Control: An Empirical Study. Healthcare. 2024; 12(17):1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171685
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiu, Siyu, Wenjia Hong, and Yiming Ma. 2024. "How Expectations and Trust in Telemedicine Contribute to Older Adults’ Sense of Control: An Empirical Study" Healthcare 12, no. 17: 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171685