Impact of VR-Based Cognitive Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in IDD Young Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Corsi Block-Tapping Task
2.2.2. Simple Reaction Time Task
2.2.3. Stop Signal Task
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Intervention Program: Enhance VR—Virtuleap
2.3.2. React
2.3.3. Memory Wall
2.3.4. Whack-A-Mole
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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x ± SD | N (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 28.07 ± 3.97 | ||
Gender | Male | 10 (66.70) | |
Female | 5 (33.30) | ||
Level of IDD | Mild | 8 (53.30) | |
Moderate | 7 (46.70) | ||
Literacy | Yes | 7 (46.70) | |
No | 8 (53.30) | ||
Previous experience with VR | Yes | 0 (0.00) | |
No | 15 (100.00) |
Test 1 x ± SD | Test 2 x ± SD | Test 3 x ± SD | p-Value | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBTT | 11.53 ± 2.03 | 11.07 ± 2.54 | 13.93 ± 1.91 | 0.001 * | 0.960 |
SRT | 55.86 ± 5.41 | 53.47 ± 11.21 | 57.73 ± 3.57 | 0.101 | 0.373 |
SST | 90.40 ± 22.76 | 90.87 ± 23.89 | 99.53 ± 27.58 | 0.043 * | 0.545 |
CBTT | SST | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Difference | p-Value | Mean Difference | p-Value | |
Test 1 vs. Test 2 | 0.467 | 1.000 | −0.467 | 1.000 |
Test 1 vs. Test 3 | −2.400 | 0.004 * | −9.133 | 0.010 * |
Test 2 vs. Test 3 | −2.867 | 0.002 * | −8.667 | 0.039 * |
IDD Level | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | p-Value a | p-Value b | Power a | Power b | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBTT | Mild | 11.63 ± 2.26 | 11.25 ± 3.28 | 14.50 ± 2.33 | 0.002 * | 0.418 | 0.949 | 0.121 |
Moderate | 11.43 ± 1.90 | 10.86 ± 1.57 | 13.29 ± 1.11 | |||||
SRT | Mild | 55.25 ± 5.44 | 56.88 ± 4.58 | 56.88 ± 4.58 | 0.112 | 0.818 | 0.352 | 0.055 |
Moderate | 56.57 ± 5.71 | 57.00 ± 3.32 | 58.71 ± 1.80 | |||||
SST | Mild | 99.63 ± 7.46 | 98.75 ± 8.16 | 103.38 ± 10.00 | 0.032 * | 0.168 | 0.605 | 0.272 |
Moderate | 79.86 ± 7.98 | 81.86 ± 8.72 | 95.14 ± 10.69 |
Level of IDD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
CBTT | SST | |||
Mean Difference ± sd | p-Value a | Mean Difference ± sd | p-Value a | |
Test 1 vs. Test 2 | 0.47 ± 0.61 | 0.450 | 0.56 ± 2.03 | 0.786 |
Test 1 vs. Test 3 | −2.37 ± 0.61 | 0.002 * | 9.52 ± 3.95 | 0.032 * |
Test 2 vs. Test 3 | −2.84 ± 0.69 | 0.001 * | 8.96 ± 2.93 | 0.009 * |
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Trigueiro, M.J.; Lopes, J.; Simões-Silva, V.; Vieira de Melo, B.B.; Simões de Almeida, R.; Marques, A. Impact of VR-Based Cognitive Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in IDD Young Adults. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171705
Trigueiro MJ, Lopes J, Simões-Silva V, Vieira de Melo BB, Simões de Almeida R, Marques A. Impact of VR-Based Cognitive Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in IDD Young Adults. Healthcare. 2024; 12(17):1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171705
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrigueiro, Maria João, Joana Lopes, Vítor Simões-Silva, Bruno Bastos Vieira de Melo, Raquel Simões de Almeida, and António Marques. 2024. "Impact of VR-Based Cognitive Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in IDD Young Adults" Healthcare 12, no. 17: 1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171705