Antimicrobial Resistance in Sepsis Cases Due to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Pre-Pandemic Insights from a Single Center in Southwestern Romania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Inclusion Criteria
2.4. Microbiological Identification
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
- High Resistance: E. coli isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, reflecting common resistance patterns seen globally.
- Moderate Resistance: there was moderate resistance to cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, highlighting the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains.
- Low Resistance: the lowest resistance rates were observed for carbapenems like meropenem and imipenem, indicating their continued effectiveness, though vigilance is required due to emerging resistance.
- High Resistance: K. pneumoniae exhibited high resistance to β-lactams, including ampicillin and cefazoline, suggesting widespread β-lactamase production.
- Moderate Resistance: there was moderate resistance to quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, indicating a significant but lesser extent of resistance compared to β-lactams.
- Low Resistance: susceptibility to carbapenems like meropenem remained relatively high, although the presence of carbapenem-resistant strains is a growing concern.
4. Discussion
4.1. Study Limitations
4.2. Implications for Future Research and Practice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | E. coli (n = 415) | K. pneumoniae (n = 278) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Environment | |||
| 198 (47.71%) | 134 (48.20%) | |
| 217 (52.29%) | 144 (51.80%) | |
Age (years) | |||
| 53.03 ± 19.31 | 56.51 ± 15.16 | 0.0117 |
| 56 (18–94) | 59 (16–88) | |
Sex | |||
| 133 (32.05%) | 155 (55.76%) | |
| 282 (67.95%) | 123 (44.24%) | |
| 415 | 278 | p < 0.001 |
Specimen | E. coli Cases | % | K. pneumoniae Cases | % | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sputum | 57 | 13.73 | 175 | 62.95 | <0.0001 |
Bronchial aspirate | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 1.44 | N/A |
Pus from wound | 1 | 0.24 | 6 | 2.16 | N/A |
Blood | 29 | 6.99 | 9 | 3.24 | 0.0128 |
Urine | 323 | 77.83 | 79 | 28.42 | <0.0001 |
Feces | 2 | 0.48 | 0 | 0.00 | N/A |
Vaginal secretion | 2 | 0.48 | 2 | 0.72 | N/A |
Pericardial fluid | 1 | 0.24 | 0 | 0.00 | N/A |
Cerebrospinal fluid | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.36 | N/A |
Peritoneal fluid | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.36 | N/A |
Bile | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.36 | N/A |
Total | 415 | 278 |
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Giubelan, L.-I.; Neacșu, A.I.; Rotaru-Zavaleanu, A.D.; Osiac, E. Antimicrobial Resistance in Sepsis Cases Due to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Pre-Pandemic Insights from a Single Center in Southwestern Romania. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171713
Giubelan L-I, Neacșu AI, Rotaru-Zavaleanu AD, Osiac E. Antimicrobial Resistance in Sepsis Cases Due to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Pre-Pandemic Insights from a Single Center in Southwestern Romania. Healthcare. 2024; 12(17):1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171713
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiubelan, Lucian-Ion, Alexandru Ionuț Neacșu, Alexandra Daniela Rotaru-Zavaleanu, and Eugen Osiac. 2024. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Sepsis Cases Due to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Pre-Pandemic Insights from a Single Center in Southwestern Romania" Healthcare 12, no. 17: 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171713