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Volume 13
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10.3390/healthcare13020165
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Background:
Study Protocol

Effects of Resistance Training on Executive Functions of Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

by
Felipe Jerez-Salas
1,
Christian Campos-Jara
2,
Sergio Araya Sierralta
3,
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
2,4,
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
5,
Guido Contreras-Díaz
6,
Vanessa Carrasco-Alarcón
7,
Hugo Martínez-Cortés
3,
Cristián Arellano-Roco
8,
Victoria Hernández-Cifuentes
5 and
Falonn Contreras-Osorio
2,*
1
Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500973, Chile
2
Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
3
Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó 1531772, Chile
4
Strength and Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
5
Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
6
Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile
7
Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
8
Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2025, 13(2), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020165
Submission received: 18 November 2024 / Revised: 13 January 2025 / Accepted: 14 January 2025 / Published: 16 January 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Aging involves a series of changes in non-pathological age-related conditions, some of which impact the cognitive functioning of older adults. Executive functions are cognitive skills that are often affected in this process, although they have been shown to improve after physical exercise interventions. This protocol aims to describe the procedures that will be carried out in a systematic literature review, including a meta-analysis of the effects of resistance interventions on the main dimensions of executive function in cognitively healthy older adults compared to active or passive control groups. Methods: The PRISMA-P guidelines will be followed. Eligibility criteria will be organized based on the PICOS strategy (older adults with normal cognition ≥60 years; chronic resistance interventions ≥4 weeks; active or passive control group; direct measures of executive function). The PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases will be used. The risk of bias and quality of evidence will be measured using RoB2 and GRADE, respectively. The DerSimonian–Laird random effects model will be used for the meta-analysis. The effect size will be calculated using Hedges’ g with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 to indicate statistical significance. Discussion: The results of the proposed review may be useful to justify the design and implementation of treatment plans based on resistance training for the prevention and management of cognitive changes typical of aging among older adults. PROSPERO registry: CRD42024571127.
Keywords: executive function; exercise; strength; cognition; older adults; meta-analysis executive function; exercise; strength; cognition; older adults; meta-analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jerez-Salas, F.; Campos-Jara, C.; Araya Sierralta, S.; Jerez-Mayorga, D.; Ramirez-Campillo, R.; Contreras-Díaz, G.; Carrasco-Alarcón, V.; Martínez-Cortés, H.; Arellano-Roco, C.; Hernández-Cifuentes, V.; et al. Effects of Resistance Training on Executive Functions of Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Healthcare 2025, 13, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020165

AMA Style

Jerez-Salas F, Campos-Jara C, Araya Sierralta S, Jerez-Mayorga D, Ramirez-Campillo R, Contreras-Díaz G, Carrasco-Alarcón V, Martínez-Cortés H, Arellano-Roco C, Hernández-Cifuentes V, et al. Effects of Resistance Training on Executive Functions of Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Healthcare. 2025; 13(2):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020165

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jerez-Salas, Felipe, Christian Campos-Jara, Sergio Araya Sierralta, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Guido Contreras-Díaz, Vanessa Carrasco-Alarcón, Hugo Martínez-Cortés, Cristián Arellano-Roco, Victoria Hernández-Cifuentes, and et al. 2025. "Effects of Resistance Training on Executive Functions of Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol" Healthcare 13, no. 2: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020165

APA Style

Jerez-Salas, F., Campos-Jara, C., Araya Sierralta, S., Jerez-Mayorga, D., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Contreras-Díaz, G., Carrasco-Alarcón, V., Martínez-Cortés, H., Arellano-Roco, C., Hernández-Cifuentes, V., & Contreras-Osorio, F. (2025). Effects of Resistance Training on Executive Functions of Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Healthcare, 13(2), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020165

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