A Systematic Review of Home Modifications for Aging in Place in Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Primary Research Question
- -
- What is the comprehensive impact of home modifications on aging in place among older adults?
- (2)
- Secondary Research Questions
- -
- What are the primary types and specific applications of home modifications for older adults?
- -
- What are the multidimensional effects of home modifications on aging in place?
- -
- What are the interactions and comprehensive impacts of health changes and home modifications among older adults?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Eligibility Criteria for Study Inclusion
- (1)
- Participants: Older adults aged 60 years or older living in their own homes, not in hospitals or institutional settings (studies including participants with a mean age of 60 years or older were also eligible). Both healthy older adults and those with health conditions were included.
- (2)
- Intervention: Studies implementing home modifications for older adults in their own residences, rather than in hospitals or institutions. Home modifications included structural changes (e.g., door widening, ramp installation, and improved accessibility) and the installation of assistive devices inside or outside the home (e.g., grab bars, handrails, and elevators) using either low-technology or high-technology approaches.
- (3)
- Comparison: Studies that described the content and methods of home modifications and methods of measuring effectiveness. Studies without comparison groups were also included.
- (4)
- Outcomes: Studies examining the content and methods of home modifications for aging in place, effectiveness assessments before and after implementation, and their impact on various outcomes, including fall risk reduction, caregiving needs and burden, functional independence (activities of daily living), occupational participation, and life satisfaction (quality of life). The effectiveness and association between home modifications and aging in place were also evaluated.
- (1)
- Studies focusing on hospital and institutional environmental modifications.
- (2)
- Studies that targeted individuals with functional disabilities but did not specifically focus on older adults.
- (3)
- Studies that implemented home modifications but did not evaluate their effectiveness.
- (4)
- Studies deemed irrelevant or duplicate studies.
- (5)
- Studies without full-text availability or only available in abstract form.
- (6)
- Review articles, letters, study protocols, poster presentations, and non-original articles such as books.
- (7)
- Conference presentations, academic conference abstracts, and dissertations.
2.3. Search Strategy
2.4. Study Selection
2.5. Data Extraction Process
2.6. Study Quality Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search and Selection
3.2. Study Quality Assessment
3.3. General Characteristics of Studies
3.4. Intervention Type, Outcome Measurements, and Main Results of Studies
3.5. Home Modification Details of Studies
3.6. A Multidimensional Analysis of Home Modification for Aging in Place Among Older Adults
3.7. Integrated Analysis of Health Changes and Home Modification Among Older Adults
4. Discussion
4.1. Methodological Considerations
4.2. Primary Types and Specific Applications of Home Modifications for Older Adults
4.3. The Multidimensional Effects of Home Modifications on Aging in Place Among Older Adults
4.4. The Interactions and Comprehensive Impacts of Health Changes and Home Modifications Among Older Adults
5. Conclusions
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Practical Applications
5.3. Future Research Directions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Domain | Keywords |
---|---|
Old Age | “Aged” [MeSH] [Emtree] OR “Elderly” [TIAB] OR “Older People” [TIAB] OR “Older Adult” [TIAB] OR “Older Person” [TIAB] OR “Aging Population” [TIAB] OR “Geriatric” [TIAB] OR “Senior” [TIAB] |
Home Modification | “Home Modification” [TIAB] OR “Home Adaptation” [TIAB] OR “Home Renovation” [TIAB] OR “Home Improvement” [TIAB] OR “Barrier-Free Remodeling” [TIAB] OR “Home Environment Adaptation” [TIAB] |
Stasi et al. (2021) [29] | Tsekoura et al. (2021) [30] | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] | Stark et al. (2017) [21] | Kamei et al. (2015) [32] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Eligibility criteria | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
2. Randomization | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
3. Hidden assignment | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
4. Group homogenous | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
5. Subjects blinded | N | N | N | N | N |
6. Therapists blinded | N | N | N | N | N |
7. Assessors blinded | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
8. Follow-up subjects | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
9. Intention to treat | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
10. Comparisons between groups | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
11. Scoring and variability measures | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Total score | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Quality rating | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
Riera Arias et al. (2024) [33] | Kim et al. (2024) [34] | Hawkis et al. (2024) [35] | Andersson et al. (2023) [36] | Schiller et al. (2023) [37] | Yeni et al. (2022) [38] | Hollinghurst et al. (2022) [39] | Schorderet et al. (2022) [40] | Malmgren Fänge et al. (2021) [41] | Carnemolla et al. (2019) [42] | Wilson et al. (2019) [43] | Pettersson et al. (2018) [14] | Wilson et al. (2017) [44] | Somerville et al. (2016) [45] | Harvey et al. (2014) [46] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. A clearly stated aim | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
2. Inclusion of consecutive patients | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
3. Prospective collection of data | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
4. Endpoints appropriate to the aim of the study | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
5. Unbiased assessment of the study endpoint | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
6. Follow-up period appropriate to the aim of the study | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
7. Loss to follow up less than 5% | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
8. Prospective calculation of the study size | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Items 9–12 are only applicable to comparative studies | |||||||||||||||
9. An additional control group | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
10. Contemporary Groups | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
11. Baseline equivalence of groups | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
12. Adequate statistical analyses | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Total score/Max. possible score | 11/16 | 6/16 | 8/16 | 12/16 | 8/16 | 14/16 | 23/24 | 12/16 | 12/16 | 12/16 | 8/16 | 7/16 | 7/16 | 12/16 | 7/16 |
Quality rating | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low |
No. | Author (Year) | Title | Journal | Country of the Study | Study Design | Target Group | Sample Size | Age, M ± SD (Range) | Sex, Male/Female(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Riera Arias et al. (2024) [33] | Improving quality of life in older adults with the decline syndrome: The role of occupational therapy in primary care | Atención Primaria | Spain | Quasi-experimental pre–post study | Older adults with decline syndrome | EG: 62 CG: Not applicable (no control group) | 83.3 ± 8.92 | 24 (38.7)/38 (61.3) |
2 | Kim et al. (2024) [34] | Exploring Differences in Home Modification Strategies According to Household Location and Occupant Disability Status: 2019 American Housing Survey Analysis | Journal of Applied Gerontology | USA | Cross-sectional survey study | Older adults (65+) in different household locations | EG: 3413 CG: Not applicable | Not specified (all participants aged 65+) | 1355 (39.7)/2058 (60.3) |
3 | Hawkins et al. (2024) [35] | Evaluation of a Fall Prevention Program to Reduce Fall Risk and Fear of Falling Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities | Clinical Interventions in Aging | USA | Program evaluation study | Older adults and adults with disabilities | EG: 241 CG: Not applicable (no control group) | 75 | 40 (18.3)/179 (81.7) |
4 | Andersson et al. (2023) [36] | Environmental barriers and housing accessibility problems for people with Parkinson’s disease: A three-year perspective | Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy | Sweden | Longitudinal cohort study | People with Parkinson’s disease | EG: 138 CG: Not applicable | 68.3 ± 8.6 | 92 (66.7)/46 (33.3) |
5 | Schiller et al. (2023) [37] | A Home Repair and Modification Program Embedded Within Mount Sinai Visiting Doctors | Journal of Applied Gerontology | USA | Pilot mixed-methods study (quantitative and qualitative analyses) | Homebound older adults in primary care | EG: 33 CG: Not applicable (no control group) | Sixty-three percent of participants were ≥70 years old (age range: <60 to 90+ years) | 5 (22)/28 (78) |
6 | Yeni et al. (2022) [38] | Nurse-led home modification interventions for community-dwelling older adults with dementia and their impact on falls prevention | British Journal of Healthcare Assistants | Turkey | Quasi-experimental study | Older adults with dementia living at home | EG: 42 CG: Not applicable | 79.04 ± 7.8 | 18 (42.9)/24 (57.1) |
7 | Hollinghurst et al. (2022) [39] | Do home adaptation interventions help to reduce emergency fall admissions? A national longitudinal data-linkage study of 657,536 older adults living in Wales (UK) between 2010 and 2017 | Age and Ageing | UK (Wales) | Longitudinal cohort study | Older adults (60+) living in the community | EG: 123,729 CG: 533,807 Total: 657,536 | EG: 78.03 CG: 70.6 | EG: 46,648 (37.76)/77,081 (62.24) CG: 257,352 (48.21)/276,455 (51.79) |
8 | Schorderet et al. (2022) [40] | Needs, benefits, and issues related to home adaptation: a user-centered case series applying a mixed-methods design | BMC Geriatrics | Switzerland | Case series, mixed-methods study | Older adults living at home | EG: 15 homes CG: Not applicable | 75.1 ± 7.3 (65–86) | 4 (22.2)/14 (77.8) |
9 | Malmgren Fänge et al. (2021) [41] | One-Year Changes in Activities of Daily Living, Usability, Falls and Concerns about Falling, and Self-Rated Health for Different Housing Adaptation Client Profiles | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | Sweden | Longitudinal cohort study | Older adults receiving housing adaptation (HA) grants | EG: 108 CG: Not applicable | 75 ± 13 | 29 (27)/79 (73) |
10 | Stasi et al. (2021) [29] | Motor Control and Ergonomic Intervention Home-Based Program: A Pilot Trial Performed in the Framework of the Motor Control Home Ergonomics Elderlies’ Prevention of Falls (McHeELP) Project | Cureus | Greece | Pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) | Community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) with a history of falls | EG: 10 CG: 10 Total: 20 | EG: 79.4 ± 5.27 CG: 76.4 ± 6.03 | EG: 6 (60)/4 (40) CG: 6 (60)/4 (40) |
11 | Tsekoura et al. (2021) [30] | Methodology of a home-based motor control exercise and ergonomic intervention programme for community-dwelling older people: The McHeELP study | Journal of Frailty, Sarcopenia and Falls | Greece | Randomized controlled trial | Community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls | EG: Not specified (planned 1:1 randomization) CG: Not specified | ≥65 years (inclusion criteria), no further details provided | Not specified |
12 | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] | Feasibility and potential effects of interdisciplinary home-based reablement program (I-HARP) for people with cognitive and functional decline: a pilot trial | Aging & Mental Health | Australia | Parallel-group randomized controlled pilot trial | Older adults with cognitive decline and caregivers | EG: 9 dyads CG: 9 dyads Total: 18 dyads | EG: 79 (64–85) CG: 81 (74–91) | EG: 3 (33.3)/6 (66.7) CG: 5 (55.6)/4 (44.4) |
13 | Carnemolla et al. (2019) [42] | Housing Design and Community Care: How Home Modifications Reduce Care Needs of Older People and People with Disability | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | Australia | Pre–post study | Older adults and people with disabilities receiving home modifications | EG: 157 CG: Not applicable | 72 | 72 (45.9)/85 (54.1) |
14 | Wilson et al. (2019) [43] | The hidden impact of home adaptations: Using a wearable camera to explore lived experiences and taken-for-granted behaviours | Health & Social Care in the Community | UK | Qualitative case study | Older adults with home adaptations | EG: 6 CG: Not applicable | Not provided (range: 65+) | 1 (16.7)/5 (83.3) |
15 | Pettersson et al. (2018) [14] | Housing accessibility for senior citizens in Sweden: Estimation of the effects of targeted elimination of environmental barriers | Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy | Sweden | Cross-sectional study | Older adults in ordinary housing | EG: 609 dwellings (370 EA study, 239 HHPD study) CG: Not applicable | EA study: 85 HHPD study: 70 (45–93) | EA study: 93 (25)/277 (75) HHPD study: not specified |
16 | Stark et al. (2017) [21] | Protocol for the home hazards removal program (HARP) study: a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial and implementation study | BMC Geriatrics | USA | Randomized clinical trial (RCT) | Older adults at risk of falls | EG: 150 CG: 150 Total: 300 | 77 | 99 (33)/201 (67) |
17 | Wilson et al. (2017) [44] | Home modification to reduce falls at a health district level: Modeling health gain, health inequalities and health costs | PLOS ONE | New Zealand | Modeling study | Older adults (65+) in a health district | EG: 42,000 (modeled population) CG: Not applicable | Not specified (65+ population) | Not specified |
18 | Somerville et al. (2016) [45] | Occupational Therapy Home Modification Assessment and Intervention | American Journal of Occupational Therapy | USA | Case report | Older adults with functional limitations | EG: 1 case CG: Not applicable | 75 | 0 (0)/1 (100) |
19 | Kamei et al. (2015) [32] | Effectiveness of a home hazard modification program for reducing falls in urban community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial | Japan Journal of Nursing Science | Japan | Randomized controlled trial (RCT) | Community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) | EG: 67 CG: 63 Total: 130 | EG: 75.7 ± 6.7 CG: 75.8 ± 6.4 | EG: 11 (16.4)/56 (83.6) CG: 9 (14.3)/54 (85.7) |
20 | Harvey et al. (2014) [46] | Determinants of uptake of home modifications and exercise to prevent falls in community-dwelling older people | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health | Australia | Cross-sectional survey study | Community-dwelling older adults (65+) | EG: 5681 CG: Not applicable | Not specified (all participants aged 65+) | 2233 (39.3)/3448 (60.7) |
No. | Author (Year) | Type of Intervention: Experimental Group | Type of Intervention: Control Group | Session Number, Frequency, and Duration | Outcome Measurements (Assessment Tool) | Results | Correlation or Effectiveness in Home Modification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Riera Arias et al. (2024) [33] | Occupational therapy with independence training, mobility support, and home adaptation, plus caregiver training | Not applicable (no control group) | After the initial assessment, 4 sessions over 4 weeks (1 per week) | Independence in daily activities: Barthel Index, Lawton Scale Quality of life: EuroQol Questionnaire (EQ-5D) Home suitability: Home Suitability Assessment Questionnaire | · Statistically significant: Autonomy ↑ (p = 0.003) Mobility ↑ (p = 0.001) Home adaptation ↑ (p < 0.001) Anxiety/depression ↓ (p = 0.028) Health score ↑ (p < 0.001) · Not statistically tested but notable: Home adaptation rate ↑ (45.2% → 79.0%) | Effective Occupational therapy improved autonomy, mobility, and home adaptation, enhancing quality of life. Home modifications were key for independence. |
2 | Kim et al. (2024) [34] | Home modifications from 2019 AHS (American Housing Survey) data: flooring, bathrooms, doors/windows, and driveways | Not applicable (no control group) | One-time data analysis based on the 2019 survey results | Home modifications: Self-reported in the 2019 American Housing Survey (AHS) Disability status: AHS classification of household members’ physical limitations Home location: Urban vs. rural classification in AHS | · Statistically significant: Rural older adults modified homes less and spent less (p < 0.001). Disabled households used more home equity loans for modifications (p < 0.0001). Rural areas focused on outdoor modifications and urban areas on indoor modifications (p < 0.05). · Not statistically tested but notable: Common modifications: flooring, bathrooms, and doors/windows. Seventy-seven percent of modifications were self-funded. | Correlation identified Home modifications varied by location and disability. Older adults in rural areas and those with disabilities modified less and spent less. |
3 | Hawkins et al. (2024) [35] | Safe at Home (SAH) program with home modifications (grab bars, safety railings, stair lifts, and bathtub cutouts) | Not applicable (no control group) | Three sessions, one per month, over 5–6 weeks | Safety hazards: Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation in the Home (SAFER HOME) Fear of falling: Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) Fall risk: Falls Risk of Older People in the Community (FROP-Com) | · Statistically significant: Seventy-nine percent reported no falls post-modification. Fear of falling ↓ (FES: T(107) = 5.14, p < 0.001). Falls per year ↓ (2.53 → 1.5, z = 5.35, p < 0.01). · Not statistically tested but notable: Ninety percent of older adults and eighty-six percent of disabled adults were satisfied. Common modifications: grab bars, chair lifts, shower chairs, and toilet seat adjustments. | Effective Home modifications significantly reduced falls and fear of falling. High program satisfaction reported. |
4 | Andersson et al. (2023) [36] | Home accessibility assessment using the Housing Enabler, identifying key barriers. | Not applicable (no control group) | Two sessions: baseline assessment and follow-up after 3 years | Housing accessibility problems: Housing Enabler (HE) Functional limitations and mobility aid dependency: Observational assessment Disease severity: Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY) Motor symptoms: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III) Cognitive function: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Activities of daily living difficulties: Parkinson’s Disease Activities of Daily Living Scale (PADLS) | · Statistically significant: Hygiene area grab bar issues ↓ (p = 0.041). Stairs as the only route ↓ (p = 0.002). Difficulty reaching refuse bins ↑ (p < 0.001). Limited space around storage units ↑ (p < 0.001). · Not statistically tested but notable: Top 10 barriers remained but changed in ranking. Exterior barriers increased over time. Kitchens, bathrooms, and entrances remained key problem areas. | Correlation identified Home accessibility changes over time for Parkinson’s patients. Grab bars and stair alternatives helped, but new outdoor barriers emerged. Ongoing adaptations are needed. |
5 | Schiller et al. (2023) [37] | Home modification program within home-based primary care (HBPC) | Not applicable (no control group) | One-time assessment (August 2019–December 2020), with a second visit for home modification if needed (1–2 months) | Home safety: Standardized home assessment tool Program feasibility: Provider feedback on implementation | · Statistically significant: Home safety hazards ↓, patient satisfaction ↑ · Not statistically tested but notable: Cost per patient: USD 528. Common modifications: self-care, sleep, safety, maintenance, and mobility. Feasible and beneficial, but implementation challenges exist. | Effective Improved home safety, comfort, and independence. Feasible but needs better occupational therapy integration. |
6 | Yeni et al. (2022) [38] | Nurse-led home safety modifications, including grab bars, anti-slip flooring, and furniture adjustments | Not applicable (no control group) | Three sessions, one every 3 months, over 6 months | Fall risk: DENN Fall Risk Assessment Scale Home environment safety: Home Environment Risk Factors for Falls Assessment Form Activities of daily living: Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL) Instrumental activities of daily living: Brody–Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Brody–Lawton IADL) | · Statistically significant: Falls ↓ in the second 3-month period (p = 0.002). Forty-three percent of families modified homes; no falls in modified homes (p = 0.000). · Not statistically tested but notable: Most falls occurred in bathrooms and toilets. Common modifications: grab bars, anti-slip flooring, and improved lighting. | Effective Nurse-led home modifications significantly reduced falls in older adults with dementia. |
7 | Hollinghurst et al. (2022) [39] | Home adaptations: grab rails, stair rails, ramps, and heating improvements | Usual care without structured home modifications | Analysis of seven years of data from 2010 to 2017 | Fall-related emergency admissions: Hospital records Frailty status: Electronic Frailty Index (eFI) Socioeconomic status: Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) | · Statistically significant: Fall odds ↓ 3% per quarter (OR = 0.97, p < 0.001). Frailty and deprivation ↑ fall risk (moderate frailty OR = 2.31, severe frailty OR = 3.05). · Not statistically tested but notable: Most falls occurred in bathrooms and bedrooms. Regional differences affected intervention effectiveness. | Effective Home adaptations reduced fall-related emergency admissions over time, particularly for individuals with prior falls. |
8 | Schorderet et al. (2022) [40] | Individualized home adaptations, including bathroom modifications, improved lighting, and accessibility adjustments | Not applicable (no control group) | Four sessions (two pre-assessments, two post-assessments). Pre-assessments: one every 2–4 weeks. Post-assessments: at 1–2 months and 6 months. Total duration: 6–7 months. | Quality of life: EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) Fear of falling: Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) Functional independence: Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL) Perceived difficulty in daily activities: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | · Statistically significant: Bathroom-related difficulties ↓ 93.4%. Quality of life ↑ 9.8% (SD = 27.6). Fear of falling ↓ 12.5% (SD = 9.7). · Not statistically tested but notable: Common modifications: bathroom adaptations, shower conversions, and improved lighting. Participants reported increased safety, ease of use, and comfort. | Effective Home adaptations improved safety, independence, and quality of life. Participants experienced reduced difficulties in daily activities and lower fear of falling. |
9 | Malmgren Fänge et al. (2021) [41] | Home adaptations, including grab bars, threshold removal, and kitchen/bathroom modifications | Not applicable (no control group) | Four sessions (one baseline assessment, three evaluations every 3 months), one every 3 months, over 12 months | Activities of daily living (ADL): ADL Staircase Usability in home: Usability in My Home (UIMH) Concerns about falling: Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) Self-rated health: EuroQoL 5D Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) Fall history: Self-reported six-month fall recall | · Statistically significant: ADL dependence ↑ in some, ↓ in others (varied p-values). Fear of falling ↓ in some, ↑ in others. Usability ↑ for self-care, ↓ for outdoor use. · Not statistically tested but notable: Adaptation effects varied, requiring personalized follow-ups. Cognitive impairment linked to highest functional decline risk. | Correlation identified Home adaptations had mixed results. ADLs and usability improved for some, but fall concerns and self-rated health varied. Ongoing monitoring is needed. |
10 | Stasi et al. (2021) [29] | Twelve-week home-based motor control exercise program combined with ergonomic home modifications | Usual care with no exercise intervention but received general home safety recommendations | Three sessions, one research team visit every 4 weeks (three self-exercise sessions per week), over 12 weeks | Functional mobility: Timed Up and Go test (TUG) Balance: Tandem Stance test Fall risk: Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOMEFAST) Quality of life: EuroQoL-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) Functional independence: Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) Fear of falling: Falls Self-Efficacy International Scale (FES-I) | · Statistically significant: Mobility ↑ (TUG test, p < 0.001). Balance ↑ (Tandem stance, p < 0.001). Quality of life ↑ (EQ-5D-5L VAS, p < 0.001). Fear of falling ↓ (FES-I, p = 0.001). · Not statistically tested but notable: One hundred percent program adherence. Increased confidence in mobility and home safety. | Effective McHeELP significantly improved functional mobility, balance, and quality of life while reducing fall risk. |
11 | Tsekoura et al. (2021) [30] | Home-based motor control exercises and ergonomic home modifications | Not applicable (no control group) | Three sessions (baseline, weeks 4–6, week 12), one visit per session (three times per week, individual exercise over 12 weeks), total 12 weeks | Functional mobility: Timed Up and Go test (TUG) Balance: Tandem stance test, Functional Reach Test (FRT) Fear of falling: Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) Quality of life: EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) Home safety: Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOMEFAST) | · Statistically significant: Falls ↓ post-intervention. Mobility ↑ (TUG test improved). Quality of life ↑ (EQ-5D improved). · Not statistically tested but notable: Common modifications: grab bars, lighting, and stair railings. Participants felt more confident and independent. | Effective Home modifications combined with motor control exercises significantly reduced falls and improved functional mobility. |
12 | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] | Home-based reablement (OT, RN, Neuropsychologist) + USD 1000 for home modifications | Usual care + educational materials and movie vouchers | Three sessions: initial assessment, home modification over 4 months, first evaluation at 4 months, final evaluation at 12 months | Functional independence: Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) Physical function and disability: Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI-CAT) Depression: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) Quality of life: EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ5D-3L) Caregiver burden: Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) | · Statistically significant: Functional independence (↑ in EG, ↓ in CG, p < 0.05). Quality of life (↑ in EG, ↓ in CG, p < 0.05). · Not statistically tested but notable: Three CG participants moved to care homes, none in EG. Caregiver burden slightly increased in EG. | Correlation identified Improved function and quality of life, but results had uncertainty. |
13 | Carnemolla et al. (2019) [42] | Home modifications including structural improvements to accessibility and safety | Not applicable (no control group) | One session: home modifications completed in 6 months, followed by care need assessments | Care hours: Self-reported weekly hours of informal and formal care before and after modification | · Statistically significant: Weekly care hours ↓ 42% post-modification. Informal care ↓ 46%, formal care ↓ 16%. · Not statistically tested but notable: Bathroom modifications most common. Increased independence and reduced caregiver burden. | Effective Home modifications reduced caregiving needs: weekly care hours ↓ 42%, informal care ↓ 46%, formal care ↓ 16%. |
14 | Wilson et al. (2019) [43] | Home adaptations (ramps, stair lifts, grab bars, and bathroom modifications) | Not applicable (no control group) | One-time assessment | Daily activity patterns: Wearable camera analysis Perceived vs. actual use: Participant interviews Environmental interaction: Behavioral coding | · Not statistically tested but notable: Participants underestimated their reliance on home adaptations. Safety and mobility improved, but home attachment shaped perceptions. Participants unconsciously adapted their behaviors to the environment. | Correlation identified Home adaptations influenced daily routines, increased safety, and improved mobility. However, users often under-reported their reliance on modifications. |
15 | Pettersson et al. (2018) [14] | Simulated removal of five environmental barriers: thresholds, grab bars, ramps, shower stall curbs, and bathtubs. | Not applicable (no control group) | One-time simulation analysis | Housing accessibility: Housing Enabler (HE) | · Statistically significant: Accessibility ↑ in older housing and single-family homes. Removing barriers reduced accessibility issues by up to 35%. · Not statistically tested but notable: Fifty percent of homes lacked grab bars in hygiene areas. Eighty percent of single-family houses had indoor steps/thresholds. Home modifications could benefit 40–82% of older adults. | Correlation identified Targeted modifications improved accessibility for individuals with limitations. Systematic home modifications can enhance aging in place. |
16 | Stark et al. (2017) [21] | Home hazard removal by occupational therapists, including grab bars, slip-resistant flooring, lighting, and environmental modifications | Usual care with general aging services but no structured home modifications | Four sessions (three visits, one booster session): Three interventions within 6–8 weeks, one booster session at 6 months, total 12 months. | Falls incidence: Self-reported calendar and phone follow-ups Functional independence: Older Americans Resources and Services ADL Scale (OARS ADL) Fear of falling: Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) Health-related quality of life: 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) Home safety hazards: Westmead Home Safety Assessment (WeHSA) | · Statistically significant: Falls ↓ by 39% in EG vs. CG. Self-efficacy ↑ (FES-I improved). Home modification adherence 80%. · Not statistically tested but notable: Cost-effective with 80% retention. Home modifications were well accepted and used consistently. | Effective Home modifications led to a significant reduction in falls, improved functional independence, and enhanced self-efficacy. |
17 | Wilson et al. (2017) [44] | Home safety assessment and modification (HSAM), including grab bars, handrails, lighting improvements, and removal of tripping hazards | Not applicable (no control group) | One-time intervention, simulation modeling conducted | Fall incidence: Self-reported falls and hospital data | · Statistically significant: HSAM reduced falls, +2800 QALYs (UI: 547–5280). Cost-effective (ICER: NZD 5480 per QALY, UI: cost-saving to NZD 15,300). Most cost-saving for 75+ individuals with prior falls. · Not statistically tested but notable: Eighty percent of homes benefited from modifications. Cost-effectiveness varied little by gender/ethnicity. | Effective Home modifications reduced falls and improved cost-effectiveness, especially for high-risk individuals with prior injurious falls. |
18 | Somerville et al. (2016) [45] | Occupational-therapy-based home modifications: shower seats, grab bars, lighting, and stair railings. | Not applicable (no control group) | Five sessions, one per week, over 5 weeks. | Home safety and environmental fit: In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation (I-HOPE) Functional mobility: Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti POMA) Fall risk: Informal fall history interview | · Statistically significant: I-HOPE scores ↑ post-intervention. Fall risk ↓ (Tinetti POMA improved). · Not statistically tested but notable: Common modifications: shower seats, grab bars, stair railings, and night lighting. Participants reported greater independence, less fall anxiety. | Effective Occupational-therapy-led home modifications improved functional independence, safety, and reduced fall risk. |
19 | Kamei et al. (2015) [32] | Home hazard modification program with safety education and hands-on training | General fall prevention program without home safety education | Four sessions, one per week, over 4 weeks, followed by follow-ups at 12 weeks (3 months) and 52 weeks (1 year) | Falls incidence: Self-reported calendar and phone follow-ups Fall prevention awareness: Custom 10-item questionnaire Home modifications compliance: 33-item checklist of home hazard assessment | · Statistically significant: Falls ↓ 10.9% overall, 11.7% indoors (52 weeks). The 75+ age group saw a significant fall reduction (12 weeks). Fall prevention awareness ↑ (p < 0.05). More home modifications in the HHMP group. · Not statistically tested but notable: Common modifications: clutter removal, grab bars, and non-slip mats. Fall prevention knowledge retained for 52 weeks. | Effective HHMP improved home safety behaviors and fall prevention awareness. Falls ↓ overall and indoors, especially in 75+. Home modifications were widely adopted and retained for 52 weeks. |
20 | Harvey et al. (2014) [46] | Home modifications (e.g., grab bars, ramps, and lighting improvements) and exercise programs (e.g., balance and strength training) | Not applicable (no control group) | One-time survey (single data collection) | Home modifications: Self-reported changes (survey) Exercise participation: Self-reported engagement (survey) | · Statistically significant: In 28.9% of cases, home modifications were made. In 35.1% of cases, exercise was increased for fall prevention. Home modifications: Age 85+ (RR 2.04), physiotherapy/OT (RR 1.57). Exercise uptake: Physiotherapy/OT (RR 2.12), Medical advice (RR 1.45). · Not statistically tested but notable: Twenty-one percent installed handrails, and five percent removed rugs. Modifications were more common in those with mobility impairments or fall history. | Correlation identified Home modifications and exercise programs were linked to fall prevention, but uptake varied by age, health status, and professional advice. More targeted strategies are needed. |
No. | Author (Year) | Home Modification Details |
---|---|---|
1 | Riera Arias et al. (2024) [33] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and furniture rearrangement. Bathroom safety enhancements: Non-slip mats and grab bars in shower and toilet areas. Assistive devices for daily living: Adaptive utensils, assistive tools, bed height adjustment, and bed handles. Family and caregiver education: Training on assistive devices and mobility support strategies. Fall prevention and mobility training: Space optimization, stairway, and living area safety measures. |
2 | Kim et al. (2024) [34] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Addition or replacement of driveways and walkways, and door and window replacements. Flooring and interior upgrades: Installation or replacement of carpets, flooring, paneling, and ceiling tiles. Bathroom renovation: Remodeling and grab bar installation. Kitchen modification: Kitchen remodeling and optimization of cooking space. Outdoor environment improvements: Fence and wall replacements and garden and exterior repairs. Structural enhancements: Repair of main interior structures and space optimization. |
3 | Hawkins et al. (2024) [35] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Grab bar installation, stair railings, and threshold removal. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bars in shower and toilet areas and non-slip mats. Fall prevention devices: Stair lifts and bathtub cutouts. Living space adjustments: Furniture rearrangement and pathway clearance. Walking aids: Indoor and outdoor safety railings. |
4 | Andersson et al. (2023) [36] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and installation of ramps. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bars in shower and toilet areas and non-slip mats. Kitchen accessibility: Relocation of overhead cabinets and shelves and workspace optimization. Outdoor accessibility: Improved access to trash bins and mailboxes and enhanced pedestrian pathways. Indoor space optimization: Furniture rearrangement and clearance around appliances. |
5 | Schiller et al. (2023) [37] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Furniture rearrangement and improved doorway accessibility. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bar installation in showers and non-slip flooring. Home safety enhancements: Improved indoor lighting and additional stair and hallway railings. Assistive devices for daily living: Installation of electric beds and recliners and personalized mobility aids. Hazard reduction: Removal of slippery carpets and de-cluttering of unnecessary furniture. |
6 | Yeni et al. (2022) [38] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Furniture rearrangement, pathway clearance, and installation of stair and hallway railings. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bars in bathrooms and non-slip tape application. Lighting improvements: Replacement of existing bulbs with 75W or brighter bulbs. Fall prevention measures: Securing living room and kitchen furniture and reorganizing bedroom furniture. Additional safety measures: Non-slip flooring and non-slip tape on bathtub surfaces. |
7 | Hollinghurst et al. (2022) [39] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Grab bar installation, flooring replacement, and additional stair railings. Bathroom safety enhancements: Non-slip flooring and improved shower accessibility. Stair and elevation adjustments: Installation of stair lifts and ramps. Bedroom and living space enhancements: Furniture rearrangement and bed height adjustment. Home temperature regulation: Repair and improvement of boilers and central heating systems. |
8 | Schorderet et al. (2022) [40] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, ramp installation, and improved doorway accessibility. Bathroom safety enhancements: Bathtub modification (installation of bathtub doors or conversion to a shower) and grab bar installation. Home safety enhancements: Lighting improvements (brightness adjustment and sensor lighting) and electrical safety enhancements. Kitchen and interior improvements: Kitchen remodeling (adjusting appliance height and modifying storage spaces) and improved balcony accessibility. Convenience enhancements: Installation of automatic blinds and addition of a video intercom system. |
9 | Malmgren Fänge et al. (2021) [41] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and secured movement pathways. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bar installation around toilets and showers and non-slip flooring application. Indoor mobility enhancements: Additional stair railings and furniture rearrangement for easier movement. Kitchen accessibility improvements: Adjusted cabinet heights and optimized cooking space. Fall prevention: Replacement of slippery flooring and improved lighting brightness. |
10 | Stasi et al. (2021) [29] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and furniture rearrangement for clear pathways. Bathroom safety enhancements: Installation of non-slip mats and grab bars around showers and toilets. Lighting and visual accessibility: Replacement of existing bulbs with high-intensity LED lights for better visibility. Fall prevention and mobility training: Installation of handrails in stairways and living areas and space optimization. Kitchen and living space improvements: Adjustment of high cabinets and enhanced accessibility to sinks and cooking areas. Outdoor environment enhancements: Repair of driveways and walkways and addition of railings and ramps. Bedroom adjustments: Bed height modification, installation of bed handles, and addition of night lighting. |
11 | Tsekoura et al. (2021) [30] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, furniture rearrangement, and enhanced doorway accessibility. Bathroom safety enhancements: Installation of grab bars around showers and toilets and application of non-slip flooring. Lighting and visual accessibility: Replacement of existing bulbs with bright LED lights and installation of motion sensor lighting. Fall prevention and mobility training: Addition of stair and hallway handrails and application of non-slip flooring. Kitchen accessibility improvements: Optimization of cooking space and adjustment of cabinet heights. Outdoor environment enhancements: Driveway and walkway repairs and installation of ramps. |
12 | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and furniture rearrangement for easier movement. Bathroom safety enhancements: Installation of grab bars around showers and toilets and application of non-slip flooring. Home safety enhancements: Improved indoor lighting (brightness adjustment and motion sensor lights) and addition of stair and hallway handrails. Utilization of assistive devices: Provision of customized assistive devices (e.g., mobility aids and adaptive utensils), bed height adjustment, and installation of bed handles. Education for family and caregivers: Training on the use of assistive devices and mobility support strategies and guidance on creating an independence-supportive environment. Fall prevention and mobility training: Optimization of space to reduce fall risks and reinforcement of safety measures in stairways and living areas. |
13 | Carnemolla et al. (2019) [42] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Doorway widening and installation of ramps for better entrance and stair accessibility. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bars around showers and toilets, application of non-slip flooring. Home safety enhancements: Improved indoor lighting (motion sensors and adjustable brightness) and addition of stair and hallway handrails. Kitchen and laundry adjustments: Height adjustment of countertops and washing machines and reorganization of storage for better accessibility. Fall prevention measures: Application of non-slip flooring, furniture rearrangement, and removal of obstacles. Support for independent living: Installation of personalized mobility assistive devices. |
14 | Wilson et al. (2019) [43] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Doorway widening, threshold removal, and furniture rearrangement for improved movement. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bars around showers and toilets and application of non-slip flooring. Home safety enhancements: Installation of sensor lighting and adjustable-brightness lights and addition of stair and hallway handrails. Kitchen and living space adjustments: Height adjustment of countertops and washing machines and reorganization of storage for better accessibility. Fall prevention measures: Application of non-slip flooring, removal of obstacles, and optimized furniture placement. Support for independent living: Installation of personalized mobility assistive devices (e.g., wheelchair-accessible furniture arrangements). |
15 | Pettersson et al. (2018) [14] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and installation of ramps for entrance and stair access. Bathroom safety enhancements: Grab bars around showers and toilets and conversion of bathtubs into walk-in showers. Home safety enhancements: Sensor lighting installation, adjustable-brightness lighting, and addition of stair and hallway handrails. Kitchen and living space adjustments: Height adjustment of countertops and washing machines and reorganization of storage for better accessibility. Fall prevention measures: Application of non-slip flooring, removal of obstacles, and optimized furniture placement. Support for independent living: Furniture arrangement accommodating wheelchair and mobility aid users. |
16 | Stark et al. (2017) [21] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and furniture rearrangement for improved movement. Bathroom safety enhancements: Installation of grab bars around showers and toilets and application of non-slip flooring. Home safety enhancements: Improved indoor lighting (adjustable brightness and sensor lights) and addition of stair and hallway handrails. Kitchen and living space adjustments: Height adjustment of countertops and washing machines and optimization of storage and appliance placement. Fall prevention measures: Application of non-slip flooring, removal of obstacles, and optimized furniture arrangement. Support for independent living: Provision of personalized mobility assistive devices. |
17 | Wilson et al. (2017) [44] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Threshold removal, doorway widening, and furniture rearrangement to enhance movement. Bathroom safety enhancements: Installation of grab bars around showers and toilets and application of non-slip flooring. Lighting improvements: Addition of sensor lights in dark hallways and stairs and installation of adjustable-brightness lighting. Stair safety enhancements: Installation of handrails, application of anti-slip tape, and improved stair lighting. Kitchen and living space modifications: Adjustment of countertop and storage heights and optimized layout for accessibility. Fall prevention measures: Removal of indoor hazards and application of non-slip flooring in living rooms and bedrooms. Support for independent living: Furniture arrangement for wheelchair accessibility and installation of assistive devices. |
18 | Somerville et al. (2016) [45] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Furniture rearrangement to secure movement pathways and installation of handrails in stairs and hallways. Bathroom safety enhancements: Installation of grab bars around showers and toilets and addition of a foldable shower chair. Lighting improvements: Sensor-activated night lighting in bedrooms and hallways. Stair safety enhancements: Addition of handrails in basement stairs and application of non-slip flooring. Fall prevention measures: Removal of indoor hazards and application of non-slip flooring in living rooms and bedrooms. Support for independent living: Improved doorway accessibility and installation of personalized mobility assistive devices. |
19 | Kamei et al. (2015) [32] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Removal of thresholds, widening of doorways, and furniture rearrangement to secure movement pathways. Bathroom safety enhancements: Application of non-slip flooring and installation of grab bars around showers and toilets. Lighting improvements: Addition of night lighting in stairways and hallways and installation of adjustable-brightness lighting. Stair safety enhancements: Installation of handrails, application of non-slip tape, and improved stair lighting. Kitchen and living space modifications: Adjustment of counter and storage heights for better accessibility and optimized layout. Fall prevention measures: Removal of household hazards and application of non-slip flooring in living rooms and bedrooms. Support for independent living: Furniture arrangement for wheelchair accessibility and installation of assistive devices. |
20 | Harvey et al. (2014) [46] | Mobility and accessibility improvements: Removal of thresholds, widening of doorways, and furniture rearrangement to secure movement pathways. Bathroom safety enhancements: Installation of grab bars around showers and toilets and application of non-slip flooring. Lighting improvements: Addition of night lighting in stairways and hallways and installation of adjustable-brightness lighting. Stair safety enhancements: Installation of handrails, application of non-slip tape, and improved stair lighting. Kitchen and living space modifications: Adjustment of counter and storage heights for better accessibility and optimized layout. Fall prevention measures: Removal of household hazards and application of non-slip flooring in living rooms and bedrooms. Support for independent living: Furniture arrangement for wheelchair accessibility and installation of assistive devices. |
Analysis Items | Study |
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Effectiveness of Home Modification for Fall Prevention (Total: 12 studies) | Stasi et al. (2021) [29], Tsekoura et al. (2021) [30], Stark et al. (2017) [21], Kamei et al. (2015) [32], Hawkins et al. (2024) [35], Andersson et al. (2023) [36], Yeni et al. (2022) [38], Hollinghurst et al. (2022) [39], Malmgren Fänge et al. (2021) [41], Wilson et al. (2017) [44], Somerville et al. (2016) [45], and Harvey et al. (2014) [46] |
Effect of Home Modifications on Enhancing Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Total: 6 studies) | Jeon et al. (2020) [31], Stark et al. (2017) [21], Riera Arias et al. (2024) [33], Yeni et al. (2022) [38], Schorderet et al. (2022) [40], and Malmgren Fänge et al. (2021) [41] |
Impact of Home Modification on Quality of Life in Older Adults (Total: 5 studies) | Stasi et al. (2021) [29], Tsekoura et al. (2021) [30], Jeon et al. (2020) [31], Riera Arias et al. (2024) [33], and Schorderet et al. (2022) [40] |
Impact of Home Modifications on Home Safety (Total: 4 studies) | Stark et al. (2017) [21], Schiller et al. (2023) [37], Wilson et al. (2019) [43], and Somerville et al. (2016) [45] |
Impact of Home Modifications on Housing Accessibility (Total: 2 studies) | Andersson et al. (2023) [36] and Pettersson et al. (2018) [14] |
Home Modification for Older Adults with Cognitive Decline (Total: 2 studies) | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] and Yeni et al. (2022) [38] |
Impact of Home Modification on Reducing Caregiving Burden (Total: 2 studies) | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] and Carnemolla et al. (2019) [42] |
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Home Modification (Total: 2 studies) | Stark et al. (2017) [21] and Wilson et al. (2017) [44] |
Disparities in Home Modification Accessibility by Socioeconomic Factors (Total: 2 studies) | Kim et al. (2024) [34] and Hollinghurst et al. (2022) [39] |
Analysis Items | Study | Key Findings | Analysis Summary |
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Physical Changes and Home Modification | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] | Improved functional independence (p < 0.05) and quality of life (p < 0.05). Slight increase in caregiver burden despite improvements in function and quality of life. | ·Physical changes due to aging (muscle weakness, balance changes, and functional decline) interact with home modification, requiring continuous and systematic interventions.
|
Andersson et al. (2023) [36] | Parkinson’s disease housing accessibility changed over time; grab bars and stair replacements helped, but new outdoor barriers emerged, requiring ongoing modifications. | ||
Hollinghurst et al. (2022) [39] | A 3% reduction in fall-related emergency hospitalizations (OR = 0.97, p < 0.001); frailty and socioeconomic deprivation increased fall risk. Home modifications reduced fall-related emergency hospitalizations, especially in older adults with prior falls. | ||
Pettersson et al. (2018) [14] | Increased accessibility in older and single-family homes. Removing environmental barriers reduced accessibility issues by up to 35%. Systematic home modifications significantly improved housing accessibility for older adults. | ||
Wilson et al. (2017) [44] | Reduced falls and medical costs and increased quality of life (QALY). Greatest cost-saving effects were observed in individuals aged 75+ and those with prior fall experiences. Home modifications reduced falls and were highly cost-effective, particularly in high-risk groups with previous fall experiences. | ||
Maintenance of Physical Function and Balance with Home Modification | Stasi et al. (2021) [29] | Increased mobility (TUG test, p < 0.001), improved balance (Tandem stance, p < 0.001), improved quality of life (EQ-5D-5L VAS, p < 0.001), and reduced fear of falling (FES-I, p = 0.001) after combined home modification and exercise intervention. | · Home modification combined with exercise is essential for maintaining physical function and improving balance.
|
Tsekoura et al. (2021) [30] | Reduced falls after the intervention. Improved mobility (TUG, p < 0.001) and balance (p < 0.001). Home modification and exercise interventions were effective, with grab bars and stair railings playing a significant role. | ||
Cognitive Function Changes and Home Modification | Jeon et al. (2020) [31] | Increased functional independence (p < 0.05) and improved quality of life (p < 0.05). Improvement in function and quality of life, but a slight increase in caregiver burden. Gradual adjustments to maintain familiar environments and enhance safety are more effective than abrupt changes. Grab bars, railings, and furniture rearrangement improved mobility and prevented falls. Effectiveness increased when combined with cognitive rehabilitation programs. | · Home modification for individuals with cognitive decline should focus on maintaining a familiar environment while enhancing safety to prevent falls and behavioral issues and improve functional independence.
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Yeni et al. (2022) [38] | No falls in modified environments (p = 0.000) and fall reduction after 3 months (p = 0.002). Home modifications for individuals with dementia were effective in preventing falls, especially in bathrooms and toilets. Main fall causes: slipping and loss of balance; grab bars and non-slip mats were effective in fall prevention. Interventions should enhance safety while maintaining familiar environments. Repeated use in familiar spaces helps with memory and spatial awareness, reducing home hazards and facilitating caregiver collaboration when necessary. |
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Cha, S.-M. A Systematic Review of Home Modifications for Aging in Place in Older Adults. Healthcare 2025, 13, 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070752
Cha S-M. A Systematic Review of Home Modifications for Aging in Place in Older Adults. Healthcare. 2025; 13(7):752. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070752
Chicago/Turabian StyleCha, Su-Min. 2025. "A Systematic Review of Home Modifications for Aging in Place in Older Adults" Healthcare 13, no. 7: 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070752
APA StyleCha, S.-M. (2025). A Systematic Review of Home Modifications for Aging in Place in Older Adults. Healthcare, 13(7), 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070752