Association between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Microalbuminuria and to Predict the Risk for the Development of Microalbuminuria Using Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. Measurement of Pulse Wave Velocity
2.3. Ethics
2.4. Physical and Laboratory Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Baseline and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Subjects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Normoalbuminuria (n = 331) (%) | Microalbuminuria (n = 93) (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 173 (52.3) | 57 (61.3) | 0.077 |
Age, years | 58.2 ± 12.2 | 59.5 ± 13.0 | 0.369 |
HTN, n (%) | 124 (37.5) | 37 (38.7) | 0.385 |
H-Chol, n (%) | 141 (42.6) | 36 (38.7) | 0.291 |
Smoking, n (%) | 47 (14.2) | 25 (26.9) | 0.004 |
DM duration, Years | 7.5 ± 5.7 | 10.4 ± 8.8 | 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 161 ± 9 | 163 ± 10 | 0.073 |
Weight (kg) | 63.7 ± 11.3 | 66.6 ± 12.8 | 0.036 |
BMI | 24.5 ± 3.9 | 24.8 ± 3.3 | 0.389 |
SBP, mmHg | 125 ± 16 | 125 ± 18 | 0.956 |
DBP, mmHg | 77 ± 10 | 76 ± 11 | 0.522 |
PP, mmHg | 47 ± 10 | 48±11 | 0.53 |
Variables | Normoalbuminuria (n = 331) (%) | Microalbuminuria (n = 93) (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
FBS (mg/dl) | 136 ± 54 | 138 ± 48 | 0.722 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.7 ± 2.0 | 8.1 ± 2.1 | 0.107 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 16.3 ± 5.1 | 19.3 ± 8.8 | 0.002 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.99 ± 0.18 | 1.14 ± 0.72 | 0.05 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179 ± 41 | 184 ± 45 | 0.369 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 160 ± 113 | 158 ± 78 | 0.864 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.3 ± 13.1 | 45.4 ± 12.7 | 0.551 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 103 ± 33 | 109 ± 40 | 0.138 |
Uric Acid | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 0.154 |
Microalbumin (μg/min) | 6.5 ± 4.8 | 66.9 ± 43.0 | 0.001 |
baPWV (cm/sec) | 1459.15 ± 200.44 | 1981.74 ± 171.47 | 0.001 |
Variable | Regression Coefficient | SE | AOR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
baPWV * | 2.389 | 0.449 | 10.899 | 4.518–26.292 | 0.0001 |
Smoking | |||||
No | - | - | Ref [1] | - | - |
Yes | 1.747 | 0.873 | 5.736 | 1.036–31.755 | 0.045 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) * | 1.909 | 0.984 | 6.745 | 0.980-46.432 | 0.052 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) * | 0.017 | 0.008 | 1.017 | 1.001–1.033 | 0.035 |
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Kim, B.-K.; Acharya, D.; Nah, D.-Y.; Rhee, M.-Y.; Yoo, S.-J.; Lee, K. Association between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Microalbuminuria and to Predict the Risk for the Development of Microalbuminuria Using Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Healthcare 2019, 7, 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040111
Kim B-K, Acharya D, Nah D-Y, Rhee M-Y, Yoo S-J, Lee K. Association between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Microalbuminuria and to Predict the Risk for the Development of Microalbuminuria Using Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Healthcare. 2019; 7(4):111. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040111
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Byong-Kyu, Dilaram Acharya, Deuk-Young Nah, Moo-Yong Rhee, Seok-Ju Yoo, and Kwan Lee. 2019. "Association between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Microalbuminuria and to Predict the Risk for the Development of Microalbuminuria Using Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients" Healthcare 7, no. 4: 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040111