High Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, Underweight, and Weight Loss in Older People: Results of the KITCHEN-4
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Measurement of Clinical Parameters
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serum AST Level: | ≤19 U/L | 20–29 U/L | ≥30 U/L |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 74,728 (57.9) | 51,485 (39.9) | 2864 (2.2) |
Male, n (%) | 35,227 (47.1) | 32,208 (62.6) | 1981 (69.2) |
Substitutional age (years) | 46.1 ± 4.0 | 47.0 ± 4.1 | 47.5 ± 4.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m²) | 21.6 ± 1.7 | 21.8 ± 1.7 | 21.6 ± 1.7 |
Body weight (kg) | 58.5 ± 8.3 | 60.1 ± 8.4 | 60.1 ± 8.1 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 16.4 ± 2.0 | 22.6 ± 2.4 | 33.9 ± 6.8 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 14.2 ± 4.2 | 19.5 ± 4.7 | 23.0 ± 4.5 |
γ-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 22.7 ± 15.6 | 33.3 ± 24.7 | 47.7 ± 37.9 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 75 (55–106) | 80 (58–117) | 80 (55–122) |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 66.3 ± 15.6 | 68.8 ± 17.0 | 73.7 ± 18.9 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115.3 ± 14.6 | 118.4 ± 15.0 | 121.3 ± 15.6 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.7 ± 10.6 | 74.3 ± 10.9 | 76.4 ± 11.3 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 |
Available n | 60,408 | 41,305 | 2251 |
Pharmacotherapy for | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 2441 (3.3) | 2382 (4.6) | 199 (7.0) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 532 (0.7) | 304 (0.6) | 26 (0.9) |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1127 (1.5) | 1338 (2.6) | 84 (2.9) |
Medical history | |||
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 848 (1.1) | 727 (1.4) | 46 (1.6) |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 348 (0.5) | 263 (0.5) | 10 (0.4) |
Available n | 74,698 | 51,467 | 2862 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 20,513 (27.5) | 13,612 (26.4) | 893 (31.2) |
Alcohol intake | |||
Daily, n (%) | 18,199 (24.4) | 19,280 (37.5) | 1508 (52.7) |
High quantity (≥ 69 g ethanol/day), n (%) | 2243 (3.0) | 2549 (5.0) | 258 (9.0) |
Regular exercise (≥ 30 min per sessionat least twice/week), n (%) | 14,538 (19.5) | 13,239 (25.7) | 1028 (35.9) |
Physical activity (≥ 1 hour/day), n (%) | 27,485 (36.8) | 20,474 (39.8) | 1302 (45.5) |
Serum AST Level: | ≤19 U/L | 20–29 U/L | ≥30 U/L |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 39,319 (35.9) | 64,892 (59.3) | 5248 (4.8) |
Male, n (%) | 17,295 (44.0) | 24,745 (38.1) | 2308 (44.0) |
Age (years) | 61.7 ± 4.1 | 62.4 ± 4.0 | 62.9 ± 4.0 |
Body mass index (kg/m²) | 21.9 ± 1.7 ** | 21.8 ± 1.7 ** | 21.6 ± 1.7 |
Body weight (kg) | 56.4 ± 7.9 ** | 55.2 ± 7.8 ** | 55.0 ± 7.7 * |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 17.1 ± 1.8 | 23.1 ± 2.5 | 33.6 ± 6.4 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 14.7 ± 3.8 | 18.8 ± 4.4 | 22.8 ± 4.3 |
γ-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 24.6 ± 16.0 | 29.5 ± 21.6 | 39.4 ± 31.0 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 93 (69–127) | 89 (66–123) | 85 (62–121) |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 64.6 ± 15.8 | 68.6 ± 16.6 | 72.8 ± 18.3 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.3 ± 16.6 | 126.5 ± 16.7 | 127.9 ± 16.9 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.3 ± 10.6 | 76.6 ± 10.5 | 77.1 ± 10.6 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.4 |
Available n | 34,531 | 57,707 | 4713 |
Pharmacotherapy for | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 7535 (19.2) | 12,432 (19.2) | 1079 (20.6) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 1273 (3.2) | 1351 (2.1) | 106 (2.0) |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 3960 (10.1) | 8825 (13.6) | 768 (14.6) |
Medical history | |||
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 1515 (3.9) | 2642 (4.1) | 246 (4.7) |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 801 (2.0) | 1242 (1.9) | 100 (1.9) |
Available n | 39,282 | 64,848 | 5246 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 7859 (20.0) | 8514 (13.1) | 729 (13.9) |
Alcohol intake | |||
Daily, n (%) | 9505 (24.2) | 17,708 (27.3) | 2011 (38.3) |
High quantity (≥69 g ethanol/day), n (%) | 540 (1.4) | 1036 (1.6) | 172 (3.3) |
Regular exercise (≥30 min per sessionat least twice/week), n (%) | 14,245 (36.2) | 27,128 (41.8) | 2544 (48.5) |
Physical activity (≥1 h/day), n (%) | 18,744 (47.7) | 34,150 (52.6) | 3030 (57.7) |
Baseline Serum AST Category | Total | ≤19 U/L | 20–29 U/L | ≥30 U/L |
---|---|---|---|---|
Younger group | ||||
Change in body weight (kg) | 0.4 (−1.6 to 2.4) | 0.6 (−1.4 to 2.6) | 0.2 (−1.8 to 2.1) | −0.1 (−2.0 to 1.9) |
UW, n (%) | 4733 (3.7) | 2758 (3.7) | 1844 (3.6) | 131 (4.6) |
≥5% WL, n (%) | 18,017 (14.0) | 9757 (13.1) | 7805 (15.2) | 455 (15.9) |
UWWL, n (%) | 3166 (2.5) | 1841 (2.5) | 1243 (2.4) | 82 (2.9) |
Older group | ||||
Change in body weight (kg) | −0.4 (−2.2 to 1.4) | −0.3 (−2.2 to 1.5) | −0.5 (−2.2 to 1.3) | −0.6 (−2.3 to 1.1) |
UW, n (%) | 4593 (4.2) | 1423 (3.6) | 2882 (4.4) | 288 (5.5) |
≥ 5% WL, n (%) | 21,521 (19.7) | 7423 (18.9) | 13,001 (20.0) | 1097 (20.9) |
UWWL, n (%) | 3459 (3.2) | 1086 (2.8) | 2159 (3.3) | 214 (4.1) |
Baseline Serum AST Category | ≤19 U/L | 20–29 U/L | ≥30 U/L |
---|---|---|---|
Younger group | |||
UW | |||
Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.25 (1.05–1.50) * |
Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.98–1.15) | 1.20 (0.97–1.48) |
≥5% WL | |||
Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.19 (1.15–1.23) *** | 1.26 (1.14–1.39) *** |
Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) *** | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) * |
UWWL | |||
Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) |
Model 2a | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.14 (0.88–1.46) |
Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.16 (0.90–1.49) |
Older group | |||
UW | |||
Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.24 (1.16–1.32) *** | 1.55 (1.36–1.76) *** |
Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) * | 1.28 (1.09–1.50) ** |
≥5% WL | |||
Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) *** | 1.14 (1.06–1.22) ** |
Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) ** | 1.14 (1.05–1.23) ** |
UWWL | |||
Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) *** | 1.50 (1.29–1.74) *** |
Model 2a | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.21 (1.02–1.44) * |
Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) * | 1.27 (1.07–1.52) ** |
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Shibata, M.; Nakajima, K. High Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, Underweight, and Weight Loss in Older People: Results of the KITCHEN-4. Healthcare 2020, 8, 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020069
Shibata M, Nakajima K. High Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, Underweight, and Weight Loss in Older People: Results of the KITCHEN-4. Healthcare. 2020; 8(2):69. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020069
Chicago/Turabian StyleShibata, Michi, and Kei Nakajima. 2020. "High Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, Underweight, and Weight Loss in Older People: Results of the KITCHEN-4" Healthcare 8, no. 2: 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020069