The Relationship between Telomere Length and Gestational Weight Gain: Findings from the Mamma & Bambino Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Assessment of Gestational Weight Gain
2.3. Covariate Ascertainment
2.4. DNA Extraction
2.5. Relative Telomere Length
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Study Population
3.2. Relationship of Telomere Length with Maternal Characteristics
3.3. Relationships between Gestational Weight Gain and Telomere Length
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Overall (n = 270) | Reduced GWG (n = 91) | Adequate GWG (n = 101) | Excessive GWG (n = 78) | p-Value a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age b | 37.0 (4.0) | 37.0 (4.0) | 38.0 (4.0) | 37.0 (4.0) | 0.699 |
Gestational age at sampling b | 16.0 (4.0) | 16.0 (4.0) | 16.0 (3.0) | 16.0 (2.0) | 0.953 |
Educational level (%) | |||||
Low | 17.8% | 16.5% | 16.8% | 20.5% | 0.038 |
Medium | 47.8% | 40.7% | 45.5% | 59.0% | |
High | 34.4% | 42.8% | 37.7% | 20.5% | |
Working (%) | |||||
Employment | 57.4% | 54.9% | 61.4% | 55.1% | 0.593 |
Unemployment | 42.6% | 45.1% | 38.6% | 44.9% | |
Smokers (%) | 20.5% | 15.4% | 20.0% | 27.3% | 0.216 |
Having children (% yes) | 67.7% | 64.3% | 76.8% | 59.7% | 0.041 |
Total energy intake b | 1750 (620) | 1667 (674) | 1752 (545) | 1858 (596) | 0.045 |
MDS b | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.102 |
Pre-pregnancy weight b | 61.0 (15.2) | 62.0 (16.0) | 59.0 (13.0) | 64.5 (18.3) | 0.012 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI b | 22.8 (5.1) | 22.8 (4.8) | 22.0 (3.8) | 25.0 (5.7) | 0.002 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI categories | |||||
Underweight | 6.7% | 6.6% | 6.9% | 6.4% | <0.001 |
Normal weight | 64.1% | 68.1% | 77.2% | 42.3% | |
Overweight | 17.4% | 9.9% | 8.9% | 37.2% | |
Obese | 11.9% | 15.4% | 7.0% | 14.1% | |
Weight at delivery b | 74.0 (15.0) | 68.5 (11.5) | 73.0 (12.7) | 82.0 (15.2) | <0.001 |
Gestational age at delivery b | 39.0 (2.0) | 38.0 (2) | 39.0 (2) | 39.0 (2.0) | 0.383 |
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Maugeri, A.; Magnano San Lio, R.; La Rosa, M.C.; Giunta, G.; Panella, M.; Cianci, A.; Caruso, M.A.T.; Agodi, A.; Barchitta, M. The Relationship between Telomere Length and Gestational Weight Gain: Findings from the Mamma & Bambino Cohort. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010067
Maugeri A, Magnano San Lio R, La Rosa MC, Giunta G, Panella M, Cianci A, Caruso MAT, Agodi A, Barchitta M. The Relationship between Telomere Length and Gestational Weight Gain: Findings from the Mamma & Bambino Cohort. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(1):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010067
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaugeri, Andrea, Roberta Magnano San Lio, Maria Clara La Rosa, Giuliana Giunta, Marco Panella, Antonio Cianci, Maria Anna Teresa Caruso, Antonella Agodi, and Martina Barchitta. 2022. "The Relationship between Telomere Length and Gestational Weight Gain: Findings from the Mamma & Bambino Cohort" Biomedicines 10, no. 1: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010067