Evaluation of Pro/Antioxidant Imbalance in Blood of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Determination of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma Values
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Oxidative Stress Parameters
2.2. Glucose and Insulin Concentration and Lipid Profile Parameters
2.3. Hormone Assay
2.4. Calculated Parameters
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Correlation Coefficients
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The main investigated factors that affected oxLDL concentration were age and abdominal obesity.
- Both insulin resistance and disorders in pro/antioxidant balance intensified PCOS symptoms.
- It seems that the Quicki index was better in the diversification of women with PCOS and insulin sensitive/resistance, and revealed more significant changes in pro/antioxidants than HOMA-IR.
- The concentration of AMH was significantly associated both with oxLDL and FRAP concentrations.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SubgroupVariables | Age (Years) | BMI (kg/m2) | WHR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<25.0 Years | ≥25.0 Years | <25.0 | ≥25.0 | <0.8 | ≥0.8 | |
n = 18 | n = 20 | n = 30 | n = 8 | n = 23 | n = 15 | |
Age (years) | 22.5 (20.0–25.0) | 31.0 (28.0–34.0) * | 26.0 (23.0–32.0) | 25.5 (23.0–28.0) | 26.0 (22.0–31.0) | 28.0 (25.0–32.0) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 (21.5–27.3) | 22.8 (21.2–24.2) | 22.1 (21.0–23.5) | 31.0 (30.1–31.9) # | 21.5 (19.8–23.5) | 24.2 (23.4–31.2) ● |
WHR | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) * | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) # | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) ● |
CHO (mg/dL) | 166.5 (140.0–189.0) | 159.0 (146.0–178.0) | 162.5 (143.0–172.0) | 173.0 (151.0–197.0) | 164.0 (146.0–181.0) | 159.0 (133.0–178.0) |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 62.6 (53.9–69.8) | 58.3 (53.0–68.6) | 63.8 (54.0–71.5) | 49.3 (39.9–56.9) # | 65.8 (56.9–72.7) | 51.7 (44.0–58.3) |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 84.4 (72.8–106.6) | 78.3 (68.6–87.7) | 79.6 (68.6–93.3) | 94.3 (78.3–116.2) | 83.6 (68.6–93.3) | 78.3 (68.1–106.6) |
TG (mg/dL) | 74.5 (58.0–100.0) | 68.4 (63.4–117.0) | 67.8 (61.3–80.0) | 116.5 (82.8–198.0) # | 64.7 (58.0–80.0) | 82.8 (64.5–188.0) |
CHO/HDL-C | 2.5 (2.4–3.2) | 2.4 (2.2–3.1) | 2.4 (2.2–2.8) | 3.6 (2.4–4.6) # | 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | 3.3 (2.3–3.7) |
LDL/HDL | 1.3 (1.1–1.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 2.1 (1.2–2.5) # | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.7 (1.1–2.3) |
TG/HDL-C | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.9–2.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.6) | 2.3 (1.2–5.0) # | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.6 (1.0–3.5) ● |
oxLDL-C (U/dL) | 10.2 (5.7–13.4) | 5.5 (4.6–5.8) * | 5.7 (4.6–9.6) | 8.7 (5.6–14.0) | 5.1 (4.3–11.4) | 7.0 (5.7–9.6) ● |
oxLDL-C/HDL-C (U/mg) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) * | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) # | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) |
Glucose 0′ (mg/dl) | 83.7 (80.2–87.0) | 84.4 (80.9–85.9) | 84.6 (80.9–86.6) | 81.9 (79.1–87.7) | 84.4 (81.1–86.6) | 84.9 (80.2–87.0) |
Glucose 120′ (mg/dl) | 109.0 (104.0–126.0) | 108.0 (92.2–128.0) | 108.0 (97.9–128.0) | 115.5 (106.0–135.0) | 104.0 (92.2–111.0) | 126.0 (109.0–141.0) ● |
Insulin 0′ (µIU/mL) | 8.4 (4.8–11.7) | 7.1 (4.5–10.5) | 7.0 (4.3–9.6) | 12.3 (10.3–13.9) # | 7.1 (4.3–9.6) | 11.4 (4.5–13.3) ● |
Insulin 120′ (µIU/mL) | 50.3 (40.5–84.2) | 46.8 (39.8–76.8) | 41.4 (33.8–59.4) | 91.8 (66.1–109.0) # | 40.7 (30.3–53.2) | 89.6 (58.7–106.0) ● |
HOMA-IR index | 1.8 (0.9–2.3) | 1.5 (0.9–2.1) | 1.5 (0.9–2.0) | 2.5 (2.1–2.8) # | 1.5 (0.9–2.0) | 2.3 (0.9–2.8) |
Quicki index | 0.35 (0.34–0.39) | 0.35 (0.34–0.39) | 0.36 (0.34–0.39) | 0.34 (0.33–0.34) # | 0.36 (0.34–0.39) | 0.34 (0.33–0.39) ● |
FRAP (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
Variables | HOMA-IR Index | Quicki Index | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
<2.0 | ≥2.0 | <0.34 | ≥0.34 | |
n = 23 | n = 15 | n = 11 | n = 27 | |
Age (years) | 26.0 (23.0–33.0) | 26.0 (22.0–29.0) | 25.0 (22.0–30.0) | 26.0 (23.0–32.5) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.0 (20.1–24.0) | 23.7 (23.0–31.0) * | 30.1 (23.5–31.9) | 22.1 (21.1–24.0) # |
WHR | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) # |
CHO (mg/dL) | 164.0 (143.0–185.0) | 161.0 (145.5–169.5) | 163.0 (151.0–183.0) | 162.5 (141.5–179.5) |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 61.8 (53.7–72.7) | 57.6 (46.3–66.8) | 53.9 (39.9–68.1) | 62.7 (54.2–71.7) # |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 83.7 (68.1–93.8) | 78.3 (73.1–98.4) | 85.1 (75.0–106.6) | 79.6 (66.8–92.8) |
TG (mg/dL) | 68.1 (60.2–87.6) | 78.5 (62.7–121.5) | 82.8 (64.1–190.0) | 67.8 (59.1–95.3) |
CHO/HDL-C | 2.4 (2.2–2.9) | 2.5 (2.3–3.6) | 3.2 (2.4–4.6) | 2.4 (2.2–2.9) # |
LDL/HDL | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.3 (1.1–2.3) | 1.8 (1.2–2.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) # |
TG/HDL-C | 1.0 (0.9–1.6) | 1.4 (1.0–2.3) | 1.6 (1.1–5.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.6) |
oxLDL-C (U/dL) | 5.7 (4.7–9.6) | 6.3 (4.8–12.3) | 7.6 (5.6–13.4) | 5.7 (4.6–9.6) |
oxLDL-C/HDL-C (U/mg) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) # |
Glucose 0′ (mg/dl) | 81.8 (79.5–84.9) | 86.5 (81.9–88.4) * | 86.5 (81.1–89.1) | 82.3 (80.2–86.2) |
Glucose 120′ (mg/dl) | 104.0 (92.2–126.0) | 110.5 (107.5–134.0) | 125.0 (109.0–135.0) | 107.0 (97.1–123.5) |
Insulin 0′ (µIU/mL) | 4.8 (4.2–7.1) | 11.5 (10.2–13.1) * | 12.3 (11.4–13.5) | 6.1 (4.3–8.4) # |
Insulin 120′ (µIU/mL) | 41.1 (30.3–53.1) | 80.6 (53.5–103.0) * | 93.9 (76.8–109.0) | 41.0 (32.2–53.4) |
HOMA-IR index | 0,9 (0.8–1.5) | 2.3 (2.1–2.7) | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) # |
Quicki index | 0.39 (0.36–0.4) | 0.34 (0.33–0.34) * | 0.33 (0.33–0.34) | 0.37 (0.35–0.4) # |
FRAP (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
Variables | Age (Years) | BMI (kg/m2) | WHR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<25.0 Years | ≥25.0 Years | <25.0 | ≥25.0 | <0.8 | ≥0.8 | |
n = 18 | n = 20 | n = 30 | n = 8 | n = 23 | n = 15 | |
LH (lU/L) | 6.8 (6.0–9.6) | 6.6 (5.7–8.4) | 6.6 (5.4–8.4) | 8.9 (6.7–9.6) | 6.6 (5.4–8.0) | 8.9 (6.1–12.0) |
FSH (lU/L) | 6.5 (5.4–8.4) | 6.4 (5.4–7.0) | 6.3 (5.4–7.7) | 6.5 (5.4–8.0) | 6.4 (5.4–8.4) | 6.5 (5.4–7.9) |
LH/FSH | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0(0.8–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
total T (ng/mL) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.4) |
free T (pg/mL) | 1.9 (1.3–2.4) | 1.5 (1.3–2.4) | 1.5 (1.3–2.3) | 2.5 (1.7–2.9) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 2.4 (2.2–3.3) ● |
AD (ng/mL) | 2.7 (2.0–3.0) | 2.2 (1.8–3.1) | 2.2 (1.8–3.1) | 2.9 (2.0–3.1) | 2.2 (1.8–3.0) | 2.9 (1.9–3.2) |
AMH (ng/mL) | 6.1 (5.5–7.1) | 5.2 (4.7–6.1) | 5.4 (4.8–6.3) | 6.1 (5.8–7.0) | 5.3 (4.0–7.1) | 6.1 (5.3–7.0) |
DHEA-S (µg/mL) | 276.0 (237.0–319.0) | 331.0 (223.0–420.0) | 291.0 (240.0–414.0) | 237.0 (184.0–386.0) | 292.0 (245.0–417.0) | 271.0 (203.0–390.0) |
TSH (uIU/mL) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 1.8 (1.3–2.3) | 1.9 (1.3–2.3) | 2.0 (1.8–2.1) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | 2.0 (1.2–2.4) |
17-OHP (ng/mL) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) |
Prolactin (ng/mL) | 11.8 (9.0–13.7) | 10.5 (8.6–16.1) | 10.5 (8.6–13.6) | 11.8 (9.7–18.1) | 10.4 (7.5–15.9) | 11.8 (9.7–15.9) |
Variables | HOMA-IR Index | Quicki Index | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
<2.0 | ≥2.0 | <0.34 | ≥0.34 | |
n = 23 | n = 15 | n = 11 | n = 27 | |
LH (lU/L) | 6.6 (5.5–8.0) | 7.9 (5.9–12.2) | 9.6 (6.9–15.3) | 6.4 (5.4–6.9) # |
FSH (lU/L) | 6.5 (5.4–8.4) | 6.1 (4.6–7.5) | 6.6 (5.5–8.0) | 6.2 (5.0–7.4) |
LH/FSH | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–2.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) # |
total T (ng/mL) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.2 (0.2–0.4) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) |
free T (pg/mL) | 1.5 (1.3–2.2) | 2.4 (1.5–2.8) | 2.7 (1.5–3.3) | 1.5 (1.3–2.2) # |
AD (ng/mL) | 2.1 (1.8–2.7) | 3.0 (2.3–3.5) | 2.9 (2.6–3.2) | 2.1 (1.8–3.0) |
AMH (ng/mL) | 5.3 (4.0–7.0) | 5.9 (5.4–7.0) | 6.1 (5.6–7.1) | 5.3 (4.7–6.6) |
DHEA-S (µg/mL) | 290.0 (223.0–417.0) | 279.5 (238.5–402.0) | 244.0 (203.0–386.0) | 296.0 (236.5–418.5) |
TSH (uIU/mL) | 1.9 (1.3–2.3) | 1.9 (1.3–2.4) | 1.9 (1.2–2.4) | 1.9 (1.3–2.3) |
17-OHP (ng/mL) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) |
Prolactin (ng/mL) | 10.5 (7.5–13.7) | 10.5 (9.7–15.9) | 10.3 (9.4–15.9) | 10.8 (8.3–16.1) |
Correlation Coefficient | oxLDL (U/dL) | FRAP (mmol/L) |
---|---|---|
Whole Group, n = 38 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.31; 0.044 | 0.32; 0.049 |
WHR | 0.42; 0.009 | NS |
FRAP (mmol/L) | 0.32; 0.049 | NS |
Age < 25 years old, n = 18 | ||
WHR | 0.48; 0.049 | NS |
glucose 0′ (mg/dL) | NS | −0.55; 0.18 |
Age ≥ 25 years old, n = 20 | ||
AMH (ng/mL) | NS | −0.44; 0.044 |
BMI < 25, n = 30 | ||
Age (years) | −0.33; 0.033 | NS |
BMI ≥ 25, n = 8 | ||
WHR | NS | 0.83; 0.011 |
LH (lU/L) | NS | −0,85; 0.037 |
AD [ng/mL] | NS | −0.67; 0.049 |
WHR < 0.8, n = 23 | ||
WHR | 0.43; 0.039 | NS |
BMI (kg/m2) | NS | 0.54; 0.008 |
FSH (lU/L) | NS | −0,46; 0.028 |
LH/FSH | NS | 0.46; 0.029 |
WHR ≥ 0.8, n = 15 | ||
Age (years) | −0.75; 0.001 | NS |
AMH (ng/mL) | −0.71; 0.007 | NS |
WHR | NS | 0.63; 0.011 |
HOMA-IR < 2.0, n = 23 | ||
glucose 0′ (mg/dL) | 0.93; 0.000 | 0.45; 0.027 |
FRAP (mmol/L) | 0.51; 0.011 | NS |
HOMA-IR ≥ 2.0, n = 15 | ||
NS | NS | |
QUICKI < 0.34, n = 11 | ||
glucose 120′ (mg/dL) | NS | 0.69; 0.019 |
Age (years) | −0.81; 0.002 | NS |
QUICKI ≥ 0.34, n = 27 | ||
WHR | 0.45; 0.18 | NS |
glucose 120′ (mg/dL) | 0.93; 0.000 | NS |
BMI (kg/m2) | NS | 0.47; 0.012 |
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Niepsuj, J.; Franik, G.; Madej, P.; Piwowar, A.; Bizoń, A. Evaluation of Pro/Antioxidant Imbalance in Blood of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Determination of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma Values. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071564
Niepsuj J, Franik G, Madej P, Piwowar A, Bizoń A. Evaluation of Pro/Antioxidant Imbalance in Blood of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Determination of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma Values. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(7):1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071564
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiepsuj, Justyna, Grzegorz Franik, Paweł Madej, Agnieszka Piwowar, and Anna Bizoń. 2022. "Evaluation of Pro/Antioxidant Imbalance in Blood of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Determination of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma Values" Biomedicines 10, no. 7: 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071564