Does Childhood Obesity Trigger Neuroinflammation?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. RNA Extraction
2.3. RNA Library Preparation
2.4. Bioinformatics Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical or Metabolic Characterization | AT-Ctrl 1 | AT-Ctrl 2 | AT-OB 1 | AT-OB 2 | AT-OB 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | male | male | male | male | female |
Age | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 14 |
Weight (kg) | 35 | 44 | 68 | 60.5 | 76 |
Height (cm) | 146 | 144 | 154 | 148 | 161 |
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 16.4 | 21.2 | 28.7 | 27.6 | 29.3 |
Fasting blood glycemia (mg/dL) (nv < 100) | 78 | 71 | 79 | 82 | 77 |
Tryglicerides (mg/dL) (nv ≥ 130 mg/dL if ≥ 10 years) | 60 | 65 | 84 | 59 | 145 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) (nv < 40 in females; nv < 50 in males) | 60 | 55 | 33 | 48 | 40 |
Triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (nv < 2.2) | 1 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 3.6 |
Triglyceride–glucose index (nv < 7.88) | 7.7 | 7.7 | 8.14 | 7.7 | 8.6 |
Biological Process | Upregulated DEGs | Fold Change | Downregulated DEGs | Fold Change |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty acid metabolic process | ABCD4 | 0.72 | ACAT1 | −1.13 |
ACOT8 | 1.44 | ACSL1 | −1.93 | |
ACSF3 | 1.48 | AKR1C4 | −3.73 | |
CPT1A | 0.62 | CRAT | −0.28 | |
CRYL1 | 0.69 | DBI | −1.85 | |
GSTM1 | 7.35 | DECR1 | −1.61 | |
TNXB | 1.24 | ETFDH | −1.15 | |
HADHA | −0.67 | |||
HSD17B4 | −1.14 | |||
PPARG | −1.2 | |||
PRKAA2 | −5.69 | |||
SNCA | −0.81 | |||
Lipid metabolic process | ABCD4 | 0.72 | ACAT1 | −1.13 |
ACOT8 | 1.44 | ACOT13 | −1.87 | |
ACSF3 | 1.48 | ACSL1 | −1.93 | |
AGPAT1 | 0.56 | AKR1C4 | −3.73 | |
ARSA | 1.82 | ATF2 | −0.76 | |
CPNE1 | 1.05 | CERT1 | −0.54 | |
CPT1A | 0.62 | CRAT | −0.28 | |
CRYL1 | 0.69 | DBI | −1.85 | |
CSF1R | 1.06 | DECR1 | −1.61 | |
CYP27A1 | 1.89 | DHRS4 | −0.91 | |
DGKD | 0.59 | DPM1 | −0.68 | |
FDXR | 4.13 | ETFDH | −1.15 | |
GGT7 | 0.94 | FGF2 | −0.81 | |
GSTM1 | 7.35 | HADHA | −0.67 | |
HSPG2 | 0.72 | HSD17B4 | −1.14 | |
ITGB8 | 2.50 | INSIG1 | −2.00 | |
LPCAT1 | 0.73 | LDAH | −0.75 | |
LRP10 | 1.13 | MBTPS1 | −0.54 | |
LRP2 | 21.33 | MTMR12 | −0.77 | |
OSBPL3 | 1.13 | MTMR6 | −0.53 | |
PDGFRB | 1.04 | OSBPL1A | −0.49 | |
PGAP3 | 1.82 | PAFAH1B2 | −0.57 | |
PIGO | 0.91 | PIK3C3 | −0.90 | |
PIP5K1C | 1.21 | PPARG | −1.20 | |
PLCD1 | 0.93 | PRKAA2 | −5.69 | |
PLCG2 | 0.85 | PTPN11 | −1.01 | |
PLTP | 1.81 | SNCA | −0.81 | |
PNPLA6 | 1.14 | |||
PNPLA7 | 2.11 | |||
PRKD2 | 1.18 | |||
SPTLC2 | 0.65 | |||
TNXB | 1.24 | |||
Carbohydrate metabolic process | AMDHD2 | 1.58 | HK1 | −0.79 |
BRAT1 | 2.01 | ST6GALNAC1 | −3.85 | |
CPT1A | 0.62 | UGP2 | −0.81 | |
GAA | 1.23 | |||
MAN1B1 | 1.06 | |||
SPATA20 | 0.68 |
Biological Process | Upregulated DEGs | Fold Change | Downregulated DEGs | Fold Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty acid metabolic process | Positive regulation | CPT1A | 0.62 | PPARG | −1.20 |
Negative regulation | INSIG1 | −2.00 | |||
PIBF1 | −0.46 | ||||
SIRT4 | −3.97 | ||||
Lipid metabolic process | Positive regulation | BMP6 | 1.71 | FGF2 | −0.81 |
CPT1A | 0.62 | PPARG | −1.20 | ||
PDGFRB | 1.04 | SIRT4 | −3.97 | ||
PTK2B | 1.27 | SORBS1 | −1.36 | ||
Negative regulation | LPCAT1 | 0.73 | HCAR1 | −2.38 | |
INSIG1 | −2.00 | ||||
PDE3B | −1.53 | ||||
PIBF1 | −0.46 | ||||
SIRT4 | −3.97 | ||||
SOD1 | −1.21 | ||||
Carbohydrate metabolic process | Positive regulation | ARPP19 | −1.07 | ||
IGF1 | −0.95 | ||||
PRKAA2 | −5.69 | ||||
PRXL2C | −0.95 | ||||
SNCA | −0.81 | ||||
SORBS1 | −1.36 | ||||
Negative regulation | HDAC4 | 1.11 | EP300 | −0.19 | |
MST1 | 2.91 |
Biological Process | Upregulated DEGs | Fold Change | Downregulated DEGs | Fold Change |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inflammatory response | AFAP1L2 | 1.08 | AP3B1 | −0.51 |
BMP6 | 1.71 | ASS1 | −0.73 | |
CARD8 | 0.74 | HK1 | −0.79 | |
CD14 | 1.94 | IFNGR1 | −0.96 | |
CIITA | 1.28 | MS4A2 | −3.52 | |
CSF1R | 1.06 | SNCA | −0.81 | |
CYBA | 0.94 | |||
EPHA2 | 2.26 | |||
FFAR3 | 3.47 | |||
GRN | 0.78 | |||
GSDMD | 1.44 | |||
HDAC4 | 1.11 | |||
HNRNPA0 | 0.98 | |||
HSPG2 | 0.72 | |||
IGFBP4 | 1.95 | |||
IKBKB | 0.91 | |||
KDM6B | 1.84 | |||
LGALS9 | 0.71 | |||
LOXL3 | 1.07 | |||
MFHAS1 | 1.44 | |||
NFATC4 | 2.05 | |||
NFKBID | 3.03 | |||
NLRP1 | 1.71 | |||
PTGDR | 1.41 | |||
RPS6KA4 | 1.84 | |||
SIGLEC1 | 1.30 | |||
SMO | 2.17 | |||
STAB1 | 1.50 | |||
TCIRG1 | 1.67 | |||
THEMIS2 | 2.11 | |||
TICAM1 | 1.54 | |||
Positive regulation of inflammatory response | FFAR3 | 3.47 | CLOCK | −1.14 |
GPSM3 | 2.80 | KARS1 | −0.62 | |
GRN | 0.78 | SNCA | −0.81 | |
HLA−E | 1.52 | |||
NLRP1 | 1.71 | |||
NLRP12 | 3.16 | |||
PLCG2 | 0.85 | |||
RPS19 | 0.92 | |||
Negative regulation of inflammatory response | GRN | 0.78 | IGF1 | −0.95 |
MAPK7 | 1.16 | PPARG | −1.20 | |
MFHAS1 | 1.44 | SOD1 | −1.21 | |
NLRP12 | 3.16 | |||
RPS19 | 0.92 |
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Zingale, V.D.; D’Angiolini, S.; Chiricosta, L.; Calcaterra, V.; Selvaggio, G.G.O.; Zuccotti, G.; Destro, F.; Pelizzo, G.; Mazzon, E. Does Childhood Obesity Trigger Neuroinflammation? Biomedicines 2022, 10, 1953. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081953
Zingale VD, D’Angiolini S, Chiricosta L, Calcaterra V, Selvaggio GGO, Zuccotti G, Destro F, Pelizzo G, Mazzon E. Does Childhood Obesity Trigger Neuroinflammation? Biomedicines. 2022; 10(8):1953. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081953
Chicago/Turabian StyleZingale, Valeria Domenica, Simone D’Angiolini, Luigi Chiricosta, Valeria Calcaterra, Giorgio Giuseppe Orlando Selvaggio, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Francesca Destro, Gloria Pelizzo, and Emanuela Mazzon. 2022. "Does Childhood Obesity Trigger Neuroinflammation?" Biomedicines 10, no. 8: 1953. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081953