Quantitative Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Episcopic Images of Biological Structures: Current State and Future Directions

Holroyd, Natalie Aroha; Walsh, Claire; Gourmet, Lucie; Walker-Samuel, Simon

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030909

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Quantitative Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Episcopic Images of Biological Structures: Current State and Future Directions

by

Natalie Aroha Holroyd

^1,*,†

,

Claire Walsh

^1,2,†,

Lucie Gourmet

¹ and

Simon Walker-Samuel

¹

Centre for Computational Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK

²

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030909

Submission received: 24 January 2023 / Revised: 3 March 2023 / Accepted: 10 March 2023 / Published: 15 March 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visualizing 3D Embryo and Tissue Morphology—A Decade of Using High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) in Biomedical Imaging, Volume II)

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Abstract

Episcopic imaging using techniques such as High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) and its variants, allows biological samples to be visualized in three dimensions over a large field of view. Quantitative analysis of episcopic image data is undertaken using a range of methods. In this systematic review, we look at trends in quantitative analysis of episcopic images and discuss avenues for further research. Papers published between 2011 and 2022 were analyzed for details about quantitative analysis approaches, methods of image annotation and choice of image processing software. It is shown that quantitative processing is becoming more common in episcopic microscopy and that manual annotation is the predominant method of image analysis. Our meta-analysis highlights where tools and methods require further development in this field, and we discuss what this means for the future of quantitative episcopic imaging, as well as how annotation and quantification may be automated and standardized across the field.

Keywords: episcopic; imaging; microscopy; annotation; quantification

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MDPI and ACS Style

Holroyd, N.A.; Walsh, C.; Gourmet, L.; Walker-Samuel, S. Quantitative Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Episcopic Images of Biological Structures: Current State and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030909

AMA Style

Holroyd NA, Walsh C, Gourmet L, Walker-Samuel S. Quantitative Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Episcopic Images of Biological Structures: Current State and Future Directions. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(3):909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030909

Chicago/Turabian Style

Holroyd, Natalie Aroha, Claire Walsh, Lucie Gourmet, and Simon Walker-Samuel. 2023. "Quantitative Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Episcopic Images of Biological Structures: Current State and Future Directions" Biomedicines 11, no. 3: 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030909

APA Style

Holroyd, N. A., Walsh, C., Gourmet, L., & Walker-Samuel, S. (2023). Quantitative Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Episcopic Images of Biological Structures: Current State and Future Directions. Biomedicines, 11(3), 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030909

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Quantitative Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Episcopic Images of Biological Structures: Current State and Future Directions

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