Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Epileptic Children in Jeddah
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of the Patients
3.2. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients
3.3. Characteristics of Antiseizure Medications Used by Epileptic Patients
3.4. Demographic Data as Predictors to Antiseizure Medications Response in Epileptics Patients
3.5. Clinical Parameters as Predictors to Antiseizure Medication Response in Epileptic Patients
3.6. Complete Blood Count Parameters and Vitamin B12 as Predictors to the Response to Antiseizure Medications in Epileptic Patients
3.7. The Effect of Antiseizure Medication Regimen on Epileptic Patients’ Response
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Character | Mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|
Age | 7.3 (4.1) | |
BMI | 16.5 (4.5) | |
Character | N (%) | |
Sex | Male | 68 (67.3%) |
Female | 33 (32.7%) | |
Nationality | Saudi | 66 (65.3%) |
Non-Saudi | 35 (34.7%) | |
Parental consanguinity | Yes, first degree | 33 (32.7%) |
No | 68 (67.3%) | |
Family history of epilepsy | Yes | 7 (6.9%) |
No | 94 (93.1%) |
Character | N (%) | |
---|---|---|
Types of seizure | Generalized tonic–clonic epilepsy | 46 (45.5%) |
Generalized myoclonic epilepsy | 21 (20.8%) | |
Partial seizure | 34 (33.7%) | |
Duration of treatment | 1 year–2 years | 61 (60.4) |
>2 years | 40 (39.6) | |
ADR | Electrolyte disturbance | 63 (62.3%) |
LFT disturbance | 41 (40.6%) | |
Cognitive vs. motor delay | 20 (19.8%) | |
Weight change | Healthy weight | 57 (56.4%) |
Obese | 12 (11.9%) | |
Overweight | 8 (7.9%) | |
Underweight | 24 (23.8%) |
Character | N (%) | |
---|---|---|
Antiepileptic drug regimen | Monotherapy | 62 (61.4) |
Polytherapy | 39 (38.6) | |
Antiepileptic drugs (alone or in combination) | Levetiracetam | 53 (52.5) |
Valproic acid | 27 (26.7) | |
Topiramate | 20 (19.8) | |
Carbamazepine | 17 (16.8) | |
Phenobarbital | 12 (11.9) | |
Lamotrigine | 5 (5) | |
Patient classification based on the ASM drug response | Good responder | 55 (54.5) |
Poor responder | 46 (45.5) |
Character | Good Responders N (%) | Poor Responders N (%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 55 (54.5) | 46 (45.5) | ||
Age # | 6.2 (3.4) | 8.5 (4.6) | 0.006 * | |
BMI # | 16.5 (3.8) | 16.7 (5.3) | 0.829 | |
Sex ^ | Male | 37 (67.3) | 31 (67.4) | 0.99 |
Female | 18 (32.7) | 15 (32.6) | ||
Nationality ^ | Saudi | 40 (72.7) | 26 (56.5) | 0.088 |
Non-Saudi | 15 (27.3) | 20 (43.5) | ||
Parental consanguinity ^ | Yes, 1st degree | 12 (21.8) | 21 (45.7) | 0.039 * |
No | 43 (78.2) | 25 (54.3) | ||
Family history of epilepsy ^ | Yes | 2 (3.6) | 5 (10.9) | 0.008 * |
No | 53 (96.4) | 41 (89.1) |
Character | Good Responders N (%) | Poor Responders N (%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 55 (54.5) | 46 (45.5) | ||
Types of seizure ^ | Generalized tonic–clonic epilepsy | 16 (29.1) | 30 (65.2) | 0.005 * |
Generalized myoclonic epilepsy | 16 (29.1) | 5 (10.9) | ||
Partial seizure | 23 (41.8) | 11 (23.9) | ||
Duration of treatment ^ | 1 year–2 years | 47 (85.5) | 14 (30.4) | 0.0001 * |
>2 years | 8 (14.5) | 32 (69.6) | ||
ADR # | Electrolyte disturbance | 22 (40) | 41 (89.1) | 0.0001 * |
LFT disturbance | 11 (20) | 30 (65.2) | 0.0001 * | |
Cognitive vs. motor delay | 5 (9.1) | 15 (32.6) | 0.003 * | |
Weight change ^ | Underweight | 9 (16.4) | 15 (32.6) | 0.139 |
Healthy weight | 33 (60) | 24 (52.2) | ||
Overweight | 13 (23.6) | 7 (15.2) |
Parameters | Normal Range | Good Responder Mean (SD) | Poor Responder Mean (SD) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hb g/dL | 12–15 | 11.3 (1.9) | 10.9 (1.8) | 0.31 |
RBC m/µL | 4 –5.2 | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.6) | 0.07 |
MCH pg | 32–36 | 26.1 (4.5) | 25.3 (4.1) | 0.38 |
HC % | 35–49 | 35.1 (5.2) | 34 (4.4) | 0.26 |
WBC (k/µL) | 4.5–13.5 | 8.7 (3.2) | 9 (4.7) | 0.67 |
Neutrophil (%) | 35–65 | 45.1 (18) | 42.9 (16.8) | 0.55 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 10–15 | 38.4 (18.9) | 42.4 (17.5) | 0.27 |
Monocytes (%) | 2–11 | 7.6 (3.8) | 8.3 (4.9) | 0.39 |
Eosinophil (%) | 1–4 | 2.2 (2.6) | 2.4 (3.2) | 0.75 |
Platelets | 150–450 | 330.9 (98.6) | 345.1 (106.6) | 0.49 |
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 197–771 | 84 (19) | 83 (16) | 0.82 |
ASM | Regimen | Good Responder N (%) | Poor Responder N (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 55 (54.5) | 46 (45.5) | |||
Levetiracetam (N = 53) | Monotherapy (N = 30) | 21 (70) | 9 (30) | 8.4 (2.36 to 28.1) | <0.001 * |
Polytherapy (N = 23) | 5 (21.7) | 18 (78.3) | |||
Valproic acid (N= 27) | Monotherapy (N = 13) | 9 (69.2) | 4 (39.8) | 4.05 (0.871 to 17.9) | 0.13 |
Polytherapy (N =14) | 5 (35.7) | 9 (64.3) | |||
Topiramate (N = 20) | Monotherapy (N = 3) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 32 (1.66 to 475) | 0.05 |
Polytherapy (N = 17) | 1 (5.9) | 16 (94.1) | |||
Carbamazepine (N = 17) | Monotherapy (N = 8) | 4 (50) | 4 (50) | 3.5 (0.427 to 23.1) | 0.33 |
Polytherapy (N = 9) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | |||
Phenobarbital (N = 12) | Monotherapy (N = 4) | 4 (100) | 0 (0) | NA | 0.06 |
Polytherapy (N = 8) | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | |||
Lamotrigine (N = 5) | Monotherapy (N = 3) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | NA | >0.99 |
Polytherapy (N = 2) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) |
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Magadmi, R.; Alyoubi, R. Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Epileptic Children in Jeddah. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082151
Magadmi R, Alyoubi R. Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Epileptic Children in Jeddah. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(8):2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082151
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagadmi, Rania, and Reem Alyoubi. 2023. "Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Epileptic Children in Jeddah" Biomedicines 11, no. 8: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082151