Blood-Biomarkers for Glucose Metabolism in Preterm Infants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Identification and Recruitment of the Infants
2.2. Sample Procedures
2.3. Target Analytes and Measurements
2.4. Patient Data Retrieval and Definitions
2.5. Definition of “Healthy” and “Ill” Preterm (at Least One Clinical Criteria Fulfilled) Subgroups
- “Healthy” infants, born GA < 32 weeks, AGA.
- “Ill” very preterm infants, born GA ≥ 28 weeks, A-/LGA.
- “Ill” very preterm infants, born GA ≥ 28 weeks, SGA.
- “Ill” extremely preterm infants, born GA < 28 weeks, A-/LGA.
- “Ill” extremely preterm infants, born GA < 28 weeks, SGA.
2.6. Ethics Statement
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Variable | Ill Infants GA < 28 Wks SGA, | Ill Infants GA < 28 Wks AGA/LGA | Ill Infants GA ≥ 28 Wks SGA | Ill Infants GA ≥ 28 Wks AGA/LGA | Healthy Infants AGA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group (n, %) | 3 (3%) | 18 (17%) | 22 (20%) | 31 (29%) | 34 (31%) |
Male (n, %) | 0 (0%) | 8 (44%) | 16 (73%) | 17 (55%) | 16 (47%) |
SGA (n, %) | 3 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 22 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Gestational age (Median; Q1, Q3; wks.) | 26.7 (26.5, 26.8) | 25.8 (25.1, 26.4) | 30.6 (28.9, 31.1) | 29.1 (28.1, 30.5) | 30.4 (29.0, 31.1) |
Birth weight (Mean ± SD; gram) | 642 ± 59 | 812 ± 133 | 1026 ± 221 | 1384 ± 341 | 1513 ± 272 |
Major neonatal morbidity: BPD/DAP/IVH/NEC/ROP [any, %] | 2/1/0/0/2 [2, 67%] | 8/12/3/4/9 [15, 83%] | 1/3/1/1/4 [6, 27%] | 4/6/4/1/7 [10, 32%] | 0/0/0/0/0 [0, 0%] |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia [n, % of group] | 2 [67%] | 8 [44%] | 1 [55%] | 4 [13%] | 0 [0, 0%] |
Ductus arteriosus persistence [n, % of group] | 1 [33%] | 12 [67%] | 3 [14%] | 6 [19%] | 0 [0, 0%] |
Intraventricular hemorrhage [n, % of group] | 0 [0%] | 3 [17%] | 1 [5%] | 4 [13%] | 0 [0, 0%] |
Necrotizing enterocolitis [n, % of group] | 0 [0%] | 4 [22%] | 1 [5%] | 1 [3%] | 0 [0%] |
Retinopathy of prematurity [n, % of group] | 2 [67%] | 9 [50%] | 4 [18%] | 7 [23%] | 0 [0, 0%] |
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Bjerager, M.O.; Hansen, B.M.; Sørensen, F.; Petersen, J.R.; Jensen, K.V.; Hjelvang, B.R.; Hvelplund, A.C.; Olsen, D.A.; Nielsen, A.A.; Forman, J.L.; et al. Blood-Biomarkers for Glucose Metabolism in Preterm Infants. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092377
Bjerager MO, Hansen BM, Sørensen F, Petersen JR, Jensen KV, Hjelvang BR, Hvelplund AC, Olsen DA, Nielsen AA, Forman JL, et al. Blood-Biomarkers for Glucose Metabolism in Preterm Infants. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(9):2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092377
Chicago/Turabian StyleBjerager, Mia O., Bo M. Hansen, Frederik Sørensen, Jes R. Petersen, Kristian V. Jensen, Brian R. Hjelvang, Anna C. Hvelplund, Dorte A. Olsen, Aneta A. Nielsen, Julie L. Forman, and et al. 2023. "Blood-Biomarkers for Glucose Metabolism in Preterm Infants" Biomedicines 11, no. 9: 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092377